Genetic diversity and relatedness of mango cultivars assessed by SSR markers.
Yamanaka S, Hosaka F, Matsumura M, Onoue-Makishi Y, Nashima K, Urasaki N, Ogata T, Shoda M, Yamamoto T.
Breed Sci. 2019 Jun;69(2):332-344. doi: 10.1270/jsbbs.18204.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis on Fruit Ripening Processes in Two Varieties of Tropical Mango (Mangifera indica).
Chin CF, Teoh EY, Chee MJY, Al-Obaidi JR, Rahmad N, Lawson T.
Protein J. 2019 Sep 24. doi: 10.1007/s10930-019-09868-x.

Polyphenolic Characterization, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Mangifera indica Cultivars from Costa Rica.
Navarro M, Arnaez E, Moreira I, Quesada S, Azofeifa G, Wilhelm K, Vargas F, Chen P.
Foods. 2019 Sep 2;8(9). pii: E384. doi: 10.3390/foods8090384.

Effects of mango peel powder on starch digestion and quality characteristics of bread.
Chen Y, Zhao L, He T, Ou Z, Hu Z, Wang K.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Aug 22;140:647-652. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.188.

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Colonic Fermentation of High Dietary Fiber and Antioxidant-Rich Mango (Mangifera indica L.) "Ataulfo"-Based Fruit Bars.
Hernández-Maldonado LM, Blancas-Benítez FJ, Zamora-Gasga VM, Cárdenas-Castro AP, Tovar J, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 11;11(7). pii: E1564. doi: 10.3390/nu11071564.

Antidiabetic Potential of Mangifera indica L. cv. Anwar Ratol Leaves: Medicinal Application of Food Wastes.
Saleem M, Tanvir M, Akhtar MF, Iqbal M, Saleem A.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Jul 9;55(7). pii: E353. doi: 10.3390/medicina55070353.

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Mango Peel Liqueurs (Mangifera indica L.) Produced by Different Methods of Maceration.
Coelho EM, de Souza MEAO, Corrêa LC, Viana AC, de Azevêdo LC, Dos Santos Lima M.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Apr 16;8(4). pii: E102. doi: 10.3390/antiox8040102.

Cellular antioxidant activity and in vitro intestinal permeability of phenolic compounds from four varieties of mango bark (Mangifera indica L.).
Vazquez-Olivo G, Antunes-Ricardo M, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Osuna-Enciso T, León-Félix J, Heredia JB.
J Sci Food Agric. 2019 May;99(7):3481-3489. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9567.

Food quality and nutraceutical value of nine cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruits grown in Mediterranean subtropical environment.
Gentile C, Di Gregorio E, Di Stefano V, Mannino G, Perrone A, Avellone G, Sortino G, Inglese P, Farina V.
Food Chem. 2019 Mar 30;277:471-479. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.109

Mango is a fruit that is produced by various trees of the Anacardaceae family in tropical and subtropical regions. Most common are:

• Common mango (Mangifera indica L.)
• Wild mango (Mangifera sylvatica L.)

In world production, 80% is consumed as fruit, from the remaining 20% are obtained purees, sauces, liqueurs, preserves and edible oil.

Main cultivars: Carrie, Keitt, Glenn, Manzanillo, Maya, Rosa, Osteen, Tommy Atkins and Kensington Pride
Main vitamins and minerals n 100 grams:

• Potassium, 100 mg
• Phosphorus, 11 mg
• Calcium, 10 mg
• Magnesium, 9 mg
• Choline, 7.5 mg
• Vitamin A, 760 IU
• Vitamin C, 27 mg

It also has a good content of carotenoids (Neoxanthin, beta carotene) that have antioxidant activity.

Tannin and vanillin are present with 20% each, while gallic acid, coumarin, caffeic acid, ferroic acid and cinnamic acid are present in low percentages (1).

Mango peel extract demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy on cell lines of colon cancer by influencing cell viability and  inhibited the colony formation trend  (2).

An extract is obtained from the mango leaves that has demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for biofilm formation and infections (3).

Mango oil derived from the kernel has lower free fatty acids, carotenoid content, and peroxide value, and is usually used without any processing, which is otherwise mandatory for commercial vegetable oils. Palmitic, stearic and oleic acids are the main fatty acids, and the triglyceride composition and fatty acid profile suggest a wide range of trans free options (4).

Cosmetics

Cosmetic astringent. This ingredient exerts a direct effect on the skin by tightening dilated pores by contracting stratum corneum cells and removing superfluous oil.

Mango studies

References________________________________________________________________________

(1) The Stabilizing Effect of Three Varieties of Crude Mango Seed Kernel Oil on Tallow . Jafari a, M. Gharachorloo b , A. H. Hemmaci Journal of Food Biosciences and Technology,
Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Vol. 4, No. 1, 31-36, 2014

(2) The Anti-Cancer Effect of Mangifera indica L. Peel Extract is Associated to γH2AX-mediated Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells.  Lauricella M, Lo Galbo V, Cernigliaro C, Maggio A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Calvaruso G, Carlisi D, Emanuele S, Giuliano M, D'Anneo A.  Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Sep 22;8(10). pii: E422. doi: 10.3390/antiox8100422

(3) Extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves may reduce biofilms of Staphylococcus spp. in stainless steel and teatcup rubbers.
Manzur AG, Sm Junior V, Morais-Costa F, Mariano EG, Careli RT, da Silva LM, Coelho SG, de Almeida AC, Duarte ER.
Food Sci Technol Int. 2019 Aug 1:1082013219858529. doi: 10.1177/1082013219858529.

(4) Nadeem M, Imran M, Khalique A. Promising features of mango (Mangifera indica L.) kernel oil: a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2016 May;53(5):2185-95. doi: 10.1007/s13197-015-2166-8.