Il pomodoro (Solanum lycopersicum) è un vegetale appartenente alla famiglia delle Solanaceae. È conosciuto per la sua polpa succosa e viene utilizzato in molte preparazioni culinarie in tutto il mondo.

Valore Nutrizionale

I pomodori sono ricchi di vitamine, minerali e composti antiossidanti. Uno dei composti più noti presenti nel pomodoro è il licopene, un carotenoide con proprietà antiossidanti e anti-infiammatorie.

Usi Culinari

I pomodori sono ampiamente utilizzati in cucina in salse, insalate, zuppe e molti altri piatti. Possono essere consumati crudi, cotti o trasformati in prodotti come il sugo di pomodoro.

Usi Tradizionali e Culturali

Oltre al suo uso in cucina, il pomodoro ha una lunga storia di utilizzo in medicina tradizionale per trattare vari disturbi.

Varietà e Tipi

Esistono molte varietà di pomodori, ognuna con le sue caratteristiche uniche in termini di sapore, consistenza e utilizzo culinario. Alcune varietà sono state sviluppate per avere un alto contenuto di antociani, dando ai pomodori colori come il cremisi, il magenta e l'indaco.

Impatto Ambientale

Le condizioni di coltivazione, come l'intensità della luce, il tipo di terreno e la temperatura, possono influenzare il valore nutrizionale del pomodoro e le sue proprietà benefiche.

Benefici per la Salute

I pomodori sono stati associati a vari benefici per la salute, tra cui la prevenzione di malattie croniche come il cancro, le malattie cardiovascolari e neurodegenerative. La presenza di antiossidanti come il licopene gioca un ruolo chiave in questi benefici.

Il pomodoro è ricco di vitamina A e C e di licopene, il pigmento che produce la caratteristica colorazione rossa e che viene studiato per la prevenzione di molti tipi di tumore, in quanto ha proprietà  antiossidanti e svolge un ruolo protettivo per malattie cardiovascolari (1).

E' indicato da molti studi come prevenzione per il tumore alla prostata (2),   inibisce la produzione di perossido lipidico sierico migliorando il profilo lipidico (3).

Pomodoro studi

Bibliografia____________________________________________________________________

(1) Przybylska S, Tokarczyk G. Lycopene in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 10;23(4):1957. doi: 10.3390/ijms23041957. PMID: 35216071; PMCID: PMC8880080.

Abstract. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are pathophysiological processes involved in the development of CVD. That is why bioactive food ingredients, including lycopene, are so important in their prevention, which seems to be a compound increasingly promoted in the diet of people with cardiovascular problems. Lycopene present in tomatoes and tomato products is responsible not only for their red color but also for health-promoting properties. It is characterized by a high antioxidant potential, the highest among carotenoid pigments. Mainly for this reason, epidemiological studies show a number of favorable properties between the consumption of lycopene in the diet and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. While there is also some controversy in research into its protective effects on the cardiovascular system, growing evidence supports its beneficial role for the heart, endothelium, blood vessels, and health. The mechanisms of action of lycopene are now being discovered and may explain some of the contradictions observed in the literature. This review aims to present the current knowledge in recent years on the preventive role of lycopene cardiovascular disorders.

(2) Salem S, Salahi M, Mohseni M, Ahmadi H, Mehrsai A, Jahani Y, Pourmand G. Major dietary factors and prostate cancer risk: a prospective multicenter case-control study. Nutr Cancer. 2011;63(1):21-7. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2010.516875.

Abstract. The association between diet and prostate cancer (PC) risk, although suggestive, still remains largely elusive particularly in the Asian population. This study sought to further evaluate the possible effects of different dietary factors on risk of PC in Iran. Using data from a prospective hospital-based multicenter case-control study, dietary intakes of red meat, fat, garlic, and tomato/tomato products, as well as thorough demographic and medical characteristics, were determined in 194 cases with the newly diagnosed, clinicopathologically confirmed PC and 317 controls, without any malignant disease, admitted to the same network of hospitals. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained after adjustment for major potential confounders, including age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, education, occupation, family history of PC, and total dietary calories. Comparing the highest with the lowest tertile, a significant trend of increasing risk with more frequent consumption was found for dietary fat (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.71-4.51), whereas inverse association was observed for tomato/tomato products (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.16-0.65). A nonsignificant increase in PC risk was revealed for dietary red meat (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.93-3.06). For garlic consumption, a borderline reduction in risk was observed (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.32-1.01; P = 0.05). In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis that total fat may increase PC risk and tomatoes/tomato products and garlic may protect patients against PC.

(3) Effect of 12-Week Daily Intake of the High-Lycopene Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum), A Variety Named "PR-7", on Lipid Metabolism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study.  Nishimura M, Tominaga N, Ishikawa-Takano Y, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Nishihira J.  Nutrients. 2019 May 25;11(5). pii: E1177. doi: 10.3390/nu11051177.

Abstract. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a rich source of lycopene, a carotenoid that confers various positive biological effects such as improved lipid metabolism. Here, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparative study to investigate the effects of regular and continuous intake of a new high-lycopene tomato, a variety named PR-7, for 12 weeks, based on 74 healthy Japanese subjects with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels ≥120 to <160 mg/dL. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the high-lycopene tomato or placebo (lycopene-free tomato) group. Each subject in the high-lycopene group ingested 50 g of semidried PR-7 (lycopene, 22.0-27.8 mg/day) each day for 12 weeks, while subjects in the placebo group ingested placebo semidried tomato. Medical interviews were conducted, vital signs were monitored, body composition was determined, and blood and saliva samples were taken at weeks 0 (baseline), 4, 8, and 12. The primary outcome assessed was LDL-C. The intake of high-lycopene tomato increased lycopene levels in this group compared to levels in the placebo group (p < 0.001). In addition, high-lycopene tomato intake improved LDL-C (p = 0.027). The intake of high-lycopene tomato, PR-7, reduced LDL-C and was confirmed to be safe.