i coloranti si dividono in due categorie : 

• composti naturali o additivi ricavati dall'ingrediente naturale (i)
• sostanze chimiche di sintesi (ii)

CI 15985 Sunset Yellow FCF è un prodotto chimico di sintesi, derivato azoico.

Il rilascio di coloranti azoici nell'ambiente è una preoccupazione a causa della colorazione delle acque naturali e causa della tossicità, mutagenicità e cancerogenicità dei coloranti e dei loro prodotti di biotrasformazione. Si sono quindi studiati metodi e tecniche per rimuovere, tramite microrganismi (1), carbone attivo (2), questo colorante dalle acque reflue dell'industria tessile.

Nel Maggio del 2010 la FSA (Food Standard Agency) ha stabilito le linee guida per alcuni coloranti, tra i quali l'E110: "When using the colours listed below in food and drink there is a requirement (subject to a limited number of exemptions) to include the additional information that „name or E number of the colour(s)‟: may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children" (3).

Altri studi

Functionalized cross-linked chitosan with ionic liquid and highly efficient removal of azo dyes from aqueous solution.  Lyu H, Fan J, Ling Y, Yu Y, Xie Z.  Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Apr 1;126:1023-1029. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.117. 

Photocatalytic degradation of synthetic food dye, sunset yellow FCF (FD&C yellow no. 6) by Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. possessing antioxidant and cytotoxic activity.  Deepika S, Harishkumar R, Dinesh M, Abarna R, Anbalagan M, Roopan SM, Selvaraj CI.  J Photochem Photobiol B. 2017 Dec;177:44-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.10.015.

Estimate of the theoretical maximum daily intake of Sunset Yellow FCF by the Brazilian population.  Feitosa LCA, Rodrigues PDS, Da Silva AS, Rios AO, Cladera-Olivera F.  Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2017 May;34(5):687-694. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1290829. Epub 2017 Feb 20.

Removal of sunset yellow FCF from aqueous solution using polyethyleneimine-modified MWCNTs.  Gao H, Zhang L, Liao Y.  Water Sci Technol. 2016;73(6):1269-78. doi: 10.2166/wst.2015.601.

Bibliografia_________________________________________

(1) Decolorization and degradation of Disperse Blue 79 and Acid Orange 10, by Bacillus fusiformis KMK5 isolated from the textile dye contaminated soil.
Kolekar YM, Pawar SP, Gawai KR, Lokhande PD, Shouche YS, Kodam KM.
Bioresour Technol. 2008 Dec.
(2) Perspectives on carbon materials as powerful catalysts in continuous anaerobic bioreactors.
Pereira RA, Salvador AF, Dias P, Pereira MF, Alves MM, Pereira L.
Water Res. 2016 Sep.

(3) FSA - Guidance on the labelling of certain food colours as set out in Regulation 1333/2008

CI 15985 o Sunset Yellow FCF è un composto chimico, colorante azoico, una classe di coloranti organici commerciali.

Sicurezza. Il problema legato ai coloranti azoici (monoazo o diazo) è la degradazione fotocatalitica che porta ad un'eventuale ossidazione ed alla successiva formazione di impurità come le ammine aromatiche alcune delle quali svolgono attività cancerogena.

E' etichettato come E110 nella lista dei coloranti alimentari europei

Viene utilizzato in:

• biocidi (ad esempio disinfettanti, prodotti per il controllo dei parassiti)
• fertilizzanti
• cosmetici
• prodotti per la cura personale
• inchiostri e toner
• prodotti per la cura dell'aria
• prodotti per il trattamento tessile
• coloranti
• prodotti chimici di carta

CI 15985 Sunset Yellow FCF studi

Formula molecolare:  C₁₆H₁₀N₂Na₂O₇S₂

Peso molecolare: 452.363 g/mol

UNII: H77VEI93A8

CAS: 2783-94-0    1325-37-7  15790-07-5   1342-61-6  12707-27-6

EC Number: 220-491-7  239-888-1  215-393-6

PubChem Substance ID 24870256

MDL number MFCD00036437 

Colour Index Number 15985 

Sinonimi: 

• Sunset Yellow FCF
• E110
• Food yellow 3
• Sunset yellow
• 2783-94-0
• C.I. Food Yellow 3
• FD&C Yellow 6
• Orange Yellow S
• SUN Yellow
• Food Yellow 3:1
• Twilight Yellow
• FD & C Yellow No. 6
• Yellow sun
• Para Orange
• Cilefa Orange S
• Yellow Orange S
• Yellow S
• FD&C Yellow No. 6
• Acid Yellow TRA
• Orange PAL
• Sunset Yellow FU
• Dye Sunset Yellow
• Food Yellow 6
• Alabaster No. 3
• Orange II R
• Sunset Yellow Lake
• SUN Yellow FCF
• Food Yellow No.5
• Orange Yellow S.fq
• Yellow SY for food
• Eurocert Orange FCF
• Sun Orange A Geigy
• SUN Yellow A-CE
• Sunlight Yellow FCF
• Food Yellow No. 5
• Yellow No. 6
• Acid Food Yellow 3
• Solar radiation color
• D and C Yellow 6
• Dolkwal Sunset Yellow
• Eniacid Sunset Yellow
• FD&C yellow no.6
• SUN Yellow A-FDC
• FD and C Yellow 6
• Orange Yellow S. AF
• Orange Yellow S. FQ
• Sunset Yellow FCF 6
• 1351 Yellow
• 1899 Yellow
• Gelborange-S [German]
• HD Sunset Yellow FCF
• Usacert Yellow No. 6
• Edicol Supra Yellow FC
• Sunset Yellow FU Supra
• Atul Sunset Yellow FCF
• SUNSET YELLOW 6
• FD and C No. 6
• L. Orange Z2010
• Maple Sunset Yellow FCF
• Sunset Yellow FCF Supra
• A.F. Yellow No. 5
• Dye FDC Yellow No. 6
• SUN Yellow Extra Pure A
• Hexacol Sunset Yellow FCF
• Aizen Food Yellow No. 5
• Canacert Sunset Yellow FCF
• Certicol Sunset Yellow CFS
• FD and C Yellow No. 6
• C.I. 15985
• Standacol Sunset Yellow FCF
• UNII-H77VEI93A8
• HD Sunset Yellow FCF Supra
• CCRIS 170
• E 110 (dye)
• Usacert FD&C Yellow No. 6
• Zlut potravinarska 3 [Czech]
• KCA Foodcol Sunset Yellow FCF
• Yellow Orange S Specially Pure
• 1325-37-7
• STILBENE YELLOW
• Hexacol Sunset Yellow FCF Supra
• HSDB 4136
• Yellow Orange Specially Pure 85
• NCI-C53907
• SUN Yellow Extra Conc. A Export
• E 110
• EINECS 220-491-7
• C.I. Food Yellow 3, disodium salt
• CI 15985
• E110
• H77VEI93A8
• CHEBI:82538
• 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-, disodium salt
• MFCD00036437
• 1-p-Sulfophenylazo-2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid, disodium salt
• 1-p-Sulphophenylazo-2-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid, disodium salt
• 1-p-Sulfophenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthalene-6-sulfonate, disodium salt
• Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate
• Disodium salt of 1-p-sulphophenylazo-2-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid
• DSSTox_CID_1456
• 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodium salt
• 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodiumsalt
• 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((p-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodium salt
• 6-Hydroxy-5-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, disodium salt
• 6-Hydroxy-5-((4-sulphophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulphonic acid, disodium salt
• 6-Hydroxy-5-((p-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, disodium salt
• 6-Hydroxy-5-((p-sulphophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulphonic acid, disodium salt
• DSSTox_RID_76165
• DSSTox_GSID_21456
• Direct Yellow 11
• C16H10N2O7S2.2Na
• Vitasyn Orange
• Gelborange-S
• Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulphonatophenyl)azo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate
• 6-Hydroxy-5-((p-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid disodium salt
• disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(Z)-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• Sun Yellow G
• CAS-2783-94-0
• L-Orange 2
• Zlut potravinarska 3
• 15790-07-5
• azomineyellowr
• Sunyellow
• airedaleyellowrd
• azinefastyellowa
• jaune soleil
• orange rgl
• jaune orange s
• Curcumin S
• amanilfastyellowan
• su n yellow
• Direct Yellow R
• sunset yellow bss
• 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-(2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:2)
• 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-, sodium salt (1:2)
• disodium 6-oxo-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• food yellow 6
• orange yellow s.af
• yellow sf for food
• fd & c yellow 6
• orange yell ow s.fq
• atlanticstilbeneyellowga
• AC1OBBBU
• dye fdc yellow lake 6
• atul sunset yellow fcf
• certolake su nset yellow
• edicol su pra yellow fc
• AC1O1BLC
• foodcol sunset yellow fcf
• hexacol sunset yellow fcp
• FD&C Yellow #6 Lake
• C.I. 40000
• dispersed orange 11348
• dispersed yellow 12116
• Sunset Yellow (E110)
• fd & c no. 6
• EC 220-491-7
• AC1NSE81
• AC1OA80A
• fd and c yellow lake no. 6
• SCHEMBL142458
• SCHEMBL340828
• Acid yellow 104 aluminum lake
• usacert fd & c yellow no. 6
• CHEMBL1371409
• DTXSID6021456
• SCHEMBL13276157
• OIQPTROHQCGFEF-UHFFFAOYSA-L
• hexacol sunset yellow f & f supra
• HY-D0249
• usalake fd & c yellow no. 6 lake
• Tox21_201897
• Tox21_300407
• usalake fd & c yell ow no. 6 lake
• Sunset Yellow FCF, Cl 15985:1
• CS-5363
• LS-1119
• NCGC00164189-01
• NCGC00254299-01
• NCGC00259446-01
• AN-20157
• AN-49075
• AS-13885
• T599
• T600
• F0145
• S0141
• C19531
• C-34944
• W-107091
• disodium salt of 1-p-sulfophenylazo-2-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid
• Trisodium 6-hydroxy-5-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate
• 6-hydroxy-5-((p-sulfophenyl)azo )-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid disodium salt
• 6-Hydroxy-5-(4-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid trisodium salt
• disodium 6-hydroxy-5-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• disodium 6-oxo-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazono]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• dipotassium 6-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• disodium (5E)-6-oxo-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• disodium (5Z)-6-oxo-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazinylidene]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• disodium (5Z)-6-oxo-5-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazono]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[2-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• disodium;6-hydroxy-5-[(E)-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• sodium (E)-6-hydroxy-5-((4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate
• 1-[2-[4-(Sodiosulfo)phenyl]hydrazono]-2-oxo-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid sodium salt