Most interesting studies on Orange:

Antibacterial activity, optical, mechanical, and barrier properties of corn starch films containing orange essential oil.
do Evangelho JA, da Silva Dannenberg G, Biduski B, El Halal SLM, Kringel DH, Gularte MA, Fiorentini AM, da Rosa Zavareze E.
Carbohydr Polym. 2019 Oct 15;222:114981. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114981.

Human TRPA1 activation by terpenes derived from the essential oil of daidai, Citrus aurantium L. var. daidai Makino.
Terada Y, Yamashita R, Ihara N, Yamazaki-Ito T, Takahashi Y, Masuda H, Sakuragawa S, Ito S, Ito K, Watanabe T.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2019 Sep;83(9):1721-1728. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1611405.

Consumption of Raw Orange, 100% Fresh Orange Juice, and Nectar- Sweetened Orange Juice-Effects on Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels on Healthy Subjects.
Papandreou D, Magriplis E, Abboud M, Taha Z, Karavolia E, Karavolias C, Zampelas A.
Nutrients. 2019 Sep 10;11(9). pii: E2171. doi: 10.3390/nu11092171.

Comparing the effects of conventional and microwave roasting methods for bioactive composition and the sensory quality of cold-pressed orange seed oil.
Aydeniz Güneşer B, Yilmaz E.
J Food Sci Technol. 2019 Feb;56(2):634-642. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3518-y.

Weight loss effect of sweet orange essential oil microcapsules on obese SD rats induced by high-fat diet.
Li D, Wu H, Dou H.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2019 May;83(5):923-932. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1578640.

Does red orange juice supplementation has a protective effect on performance, cardiovascular parameters, muscle damage and oxidative stress markers following the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 under polluted air?
Boussetta N, Abedelmalek S, Khouloud A, Ben Anes A, Souissi N.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2019 May 13:1-13. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2019.1614155

Effect of daily intake of a low-alcohol orange beverage on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic humans.
Cerrillo I, Escudero-López B, Ortega A, Martín F, Fernández-Pachón MS.
Food Res Int. 2019 Feb;116:168-174. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.008.

Effect of the flavonoid hesperidin on glucose and fructose transport, sucrase activity and glycaemic response to orange juice in a crossover trial on healthy volunteers.
Kerimi A, Gauer JS, Crabbe S, Cheah JW, Lau J, Walsh R, Cancalon PF, Williamson G.
Br J Nutr. 2019 Apr;121(7):782-792. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519000084. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Consumption of Raw Orange, 100% Fresh Orange Juice, and Nectar- Sweetened Orange Juice-Effects on Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels on Healthy Subjects.
Papandreou D, Magriplis E, Abboud M, Taha Z, Karavolia E, Karavolias C, Zampelas A.
Nutrients. 2019 Sep 10;11(9). pii: E2171. doi: 10.3390/nu11092171.

First evidence of C- and O-glycosyl flavone in blood orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) juice and their influence on antioxidant properties.
Barreca D, Bellocco E, Leuzzi U, Gattuso G.
Food Chem. 2014 Apr 15;149:244-52. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.096.

Sanguinello and Tarocco (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck): Bioactive compounds and colour appearance of blood oranges.
Cebadera-Miranda L, Domínguez L, Dias MI, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR, Igual M, Martínez-Navarrete N, Fernández-Ruiz V, Morales P, Cámara M.
Food Chem. 2019 Jan 1;270:395-402. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.094.

Effects of orange essential oil on intestinal microflora in mice.
Wang L, Zhang Y, Fan G, Ren JN, Zhang LL, Pan SY.
J Sci Food Agric. 2019 Jun;99(8):4019-4028. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9629.

Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Essential Oil from Gannan Navel Orange Peel.
Yang C, Chen H, Chen H, Zhong B, Luo X, Chun J.
Molecules. 2017 Aug 22;22(8). pii: E1391. doi: 10.3390/molecules22081391.

Variety and Harvesting Season Effects on Antioxidant Activity and Vitamins Content of Citrus sinensis Macfad.
Cardeñosa V, Barreira JC, Barros L, Arenas-Arenas FJ, Moreno-Rojas JM, Ferreira IC.
Molecules. 2015 May 7;20(5):8287-302. doi: 10.3390/molecules20058287.

Comparative study of flavonoid production in lycopene-accumulated and blonde-flesh sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis) during fruit development.
Chen J, Zhang H, Pang Y, Cheng Y, Deng X, Xu J.
Food Chem. 2015 Oct 1;184:238-46. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.087.

Ceramides as possible nutraceutical compounds: characterization of the ceramides of the Moro blood orange ( Citrus sinensis ).
Valsecchi M, Mauri L, Casellato R, Ciampa MG, Rizza L, Bonina A, Bonina F, Sonnino S.
J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Oct 10;60(40):10103-10. doi: 10.1021/jf3027414.

Antiinflammatory effects of a red orange extract in human keratinocytes treated with interferon-gamma and histamine.
Cardile V, Frasca G, Rizza L, Rapisarda P, Bonina F.
Phytother Res. 2010 Mar;24(3):414-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2973.

Larvicidal activity of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oils and their antagonistic effects with temephos in resistant populations of Aedes aegypti.
Araujo AF, Ribeiro-Paes JT, Deus JT, Cavalcanti SC, Nunes Rde S, Alves PB, Macoris Mde L.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2016 Jul 4;111(7):443-9. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760160075.

Citrus essential oils and their influence on the anaerobic digestion process: an overview.
Ruiz B, Flotats X.
Waste Manag. 2014 Nov;34(11):2063-79. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.06.026.

Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) seems to have originated in China and was brought to the Mediterranean by Italian navigators around 1450.

USA is in first place in world production with a product grown mainly in Florida. This is followed by China, Brazil, Spain, Japan, Mexico and Italy.

Orange contains on average:

• from 45 to 52 calories
• Protein 07/1.3 g
• Carbohydrates 12/12.7 g
• Fibers 0.5 g
• Calcium 42 mg
• Phosphorus 20 mg
• Iron 0.5 mg
• Potassium 200 mg
• Vitamin 200 IU
• Thiamine 0,10 mg
• Vitamin B2 Riboflavin 0.04 mg
• Niacin 0,4 mg
• Vitamin C Ascorbic acid 50 mg
• Sodium 1 mg
• limonene (75-90%)
• linalool
• geraniol

Practically everything is used of the plant:

• Pulp : juices
• Peel : perfumes, cakes, varnish resins
• Seeds : oil, soap, plastic, fertilisers
• Flowers and leaves: perfumes
• Wood : walking sticks, cabinet-making

As an adjuvant in traditional medicine it is used against:

• Fever
• Catarrh
• Skin Diseases
• Acne
• Capillary fragility
• Intestinal disorders

Orange navel essential oil contains terpenes such as limonene, the main constituent, and linalool, which have an antioxidant effect and have been successfully used for decades as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents against many types of cancer (1).

Some studies report a some efficacy of the essential oil in aromatherapy (2), as larvicide (3), as antifungal (4).

Orange studies

References_______________________________________________

(1) Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of D-limonene in patients with advanced cancer. Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Clinical Trials Committee.  Vigushin DM, Poon GK, Boddy A, English J, Halbert GW, Pagonis C, Jarman M, Coombes RC.  Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1998;42(2):111-7.

(2) Comparing effects of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil and orange essential oil on fatigue of hemodialysis patients: A randomized trial.  Ahmady S, Rezaei M, Khatony A.  Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019 Aug;36:64-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.05.005.

(3) Larvicidal potential of essential oils against Musca domestica and Anopheles stephensi.  Chauhan N, Malik A, Sharma S, Dhiman RC.  Parasitol Res. 2016 Jun;115(6):2223-31. doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-4965-x.

(4) Antimycotic Activity and Genotoxic Evaluation of Citrus sinensis and Citrus latifolia Essential Oils.  Ruiz-Pérez NJ, González-Ávila M, Sánchez-Navarrete J, Toscano-Garibay JD, Moreno-Eutimio MA, Sandoval-Hernández T, Arriaga-Alba M.  Sci Rep. 2016 May 3;6:25371. doi: 10.1038/srep25371.