La Metilcobalamina è una forma di vitamina B12 attiva e biodisponibile, essenziale per vari processi biologici, inclusi il metabolismo cellulare, la formazione del sangue e la funzione del sistema nervoso.
Principali utilizzi e benefici
Sistema nervoso. La Metilcobalamina è importante per il mantenimento della salute del sistema nervoso, contribuendo alla rigenerazione dei nervi e alla prevenzione di disturbi neurologici (1).
Energia. Partecipa al metabolismo di proteine, grassi e carboidrati, aiutando a convertire il cibo in energia (2).
Sangue. È cruciale per la produzione di globuli rossi, aiutando a prevenire l'anemia.
Salute mentale. Ha un ruolo nel regolare l'umore e contribuire alla prevenzione e al trattamento di disturbi come la depressione (3).
Sonno. La Metilcobalamina può influenzare la produzione di melatonina, migliorando così la qualità del sonno (4).
Omocisteina. Aiuta a ridurre i livelli di omocisteina nel sangue, un fattore di rischio per le malattie cardiovascolari (5).
Integratori alimentari. Spesso usata in integratori alimentari per garantire un adeguato apporto di vitamina B12, specialmente per vegani, vegetariani e anziani, che possono essere a rischio di carenza.
Processo industriale di sintesi chimica
- Fermentazione. La produzione di Metilcobalamina inizia spesso con la fermentazione di ceppi microbici che sono naturalmente capaci di sintetizzare la vitamina B12. Questi microorganismi includono alcune specie di batteri e archaea.
- Conversione. Dopo la fermentazione, la vitamina B12 prodotta viene convertita in Metilcobalamina attraverso una serie di reazioni biochimiche. Questo può richiedere l'aggiunta di specifici cofattori o enzimi che facilitano la metilazione della cobalamina.
- Purificazione. La Metilcobalamina viene estratta dalla cultura microbica e purificata per rimuovere impurità e sottoprodotti della fermentazione. Questo processo può includere tecniche come la cromatografia a scambio ionico, la filtrazione e la cristallizzazione.
- Controllo Qualità. Il prodotto purificato è sottoposto a rigorosi controlli di qualità per verificare la sua purezza, la concentrazione e l'assenza di contaminanti. Questi test possono includere analisi spettroscopiche, cromatografiche e microbiologiche.
- Formulazione. La Metilcobalamina purificata può essere formulata in varie forme per l'uso in integratori alimentari o farmaceutici, come compresse sublinguali, capsule, iniezioni o soluzioni orali.
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Molecular Formula C63H92CoN13O14P
Molecular Weight 1345.4 g/mol
CAS 13422-55-4
UNII BR1SN1JS2W
EC Number 200-680-0 236-535-3
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) Buesing S, Costa M, Schilling JM, Moeller-Bertram T. Vitamin B12 as a Treatment for Pain. Pain Physician. 2019 Jan;22(1):E45-E52. PMID: 30700078.
Abstract. Background: First isolated as cyanocobalamin in 1948, vitamin B12 has been explored for pain treatment almost since its discovery. With the advent of the opioid epidemic, safer treatments for pain are needed.....Conclusion: Vitamin B12 may prove to be an adjunctive or integrative treatment for pain conditions. While more research is needed, considering the low incidence of side effects and overall safety, B12 may be an additional tool to consider for pain treatment.
(2) Rovira C, Biarnés X, Kunc K. Structure-energy relations in methylcobalamin with and without bound axial base. Inorg Chem. 2004 Oct 18;43(21):6628-32. doi: 10.1021/ic049810s.
Abstract. The properties of the Co-C bond in methylcobalamin (MeCbl) are analyzed by means of first-principles molecular dynamics. The optimized structure is in very good agreement with experiments, reproducing the bent-up deformation of the corrin ring as well as the metal-ligand bond distances. The analysis of the binding energies, bond orders, and vibrational stretching frequencies shows that the axial base slightly weakens the Co-C bond (by 4%), while the alkyl ligand substantially reinforces the Co-axial base bond (by 90%). These findings support several experiments and provide insight into the conversion between the base-on and base-off forms of the MeCbl cofactor.
(3) Kamrowska A, Kasprzak K, Marciniak J, Goch A, Kamrowski C. The importance of vitamin B12 in psychiatry. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2010 Mar;28(165):236-8.
Abstract. The article drew attention to the construction of a vitamin B12 deficiency and its importance in the human body. Emphasizes the role of cobalamin as a structural element involved, among others cobamides in such reactions as the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis or choline. Two metabolically active forms of cobalamin: methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin and their importance to the human body were presented. The process of absorption of vitamin B12 and methionine in revealing the importance of the neurological symptoms was described. The chemical importance and cause vitamin B12 deficiency was stressed. The attention was paid upon the role of acid in methylomalon determination of vitamin B12 deficiency in the human body. Disclosure reports analyzed the relationship of vitamin B12 from the emergence of psychotic symptoms. Particular attention is given to teams which binds to the vitamin B12 deficiency--depressive, delusional and manic. Based on case reports were analyzed cases with deficiency symptoms associated with a deficit of vitamin B12. Also points to the possibility of diagnosing cobalamin deficiency even before the onset of clinical symptoms.
(4) Takahashi K, Okawa M, Matsumoto M, Mishima K, Yamadera H, Sasaki M, Ishizuka Y, Yamada K, Higuchi T, Okamoto N, Furuta H, Nakagawa H, Ohta T, Kuroda K, Sugita Y, Inoue Y, Uchimura N, Nagayama H, Miike T, Kamei K. Double-blind test on the efficacy of methylcobalamin on sleep-wake rhythm disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999 Apr;53(2):211-3. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00534.x.
Abstract. The therapeutic effect of methylcobalamin (Met-12) on sleep-wake rhythm disorders was examined in a double-blind test. In the test group which was given a large dosage, a higher percentage of improvement was found compared to the control group with a small dosage, although the difference was not significant. The test group inconsistently showed significant improvement in both the sleep-wake cycle parameters and in clinical symptoms. The tendency was for the results to show a beneficial effect of Met-12 on rhythm disorders. However, because the percentage of improvement was low and significant improvement was inconsistent, Met-12 might be considered to have a low therapeutic potency and possible use as a booster for other treatment methods of the disorders.
(5) Angelini A, Cappuccilli ML, Magnoni G, Croci Chiocchini AL, Aiello V, Napoletano A, Iacovella F, Troiano A, Mancini R, Capelli I, Cianciolo G. The link between homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in chronic kidney disease. G Ital Nefrol. 2021 Aug 30;38(4):2021-vol4.
Metilcobalamina 
