CI 16255
Rating : 4.7
Evaluation | N. Experts | Evaluation | N. Experts |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 6 | ||
2 | 7 | ||
3 | 8 | ||
4 | 9 | ||
5 | 10 |
Cons:
Cosmetics Regulation provisions (1)8 pts from FRanier
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"CI 16255 studies" about CI 16255 Review Consensus 8 by Al222 (19798 pt) | 2024-Jun-29 12:57 |
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Since CI 16255 is an azo dye, it may elicit intolerance in people intolerant to salicylates. Additionally, it is a histamine liberator, and may intensify symptoms of asthma. In combination with benzoates, it is also implicated in hyperactivity in children (1).
Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the determination of five synthetic food dyes (Quinoline Yellow E104, Sunset Yellow E110, Ponceau 4R E124, Tartrazine E102 and Carmine E120) in vitamins was used. The dyes were analyzed within 10 min using a column with stationary phase C 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 40 °C with isocratic elution, and the mobile phase contained acetonitrile and a mixture of CH₃COONa:CH₃OH (85:15, v/v) in a ratio of 10:90 (v/v) for yellow-colored capsules and 20:80 (v/v) for red-colored capsules, respectively. A diode-array detector was used to monitor the dyes between 190 and 800 nm. It was established that the analyzed samples contained synthetic dyes in a concentration range from 79.5 ± 0.01 μg/capsule of Ponceau 4R, E124 to 524 ± 0.01 μg/capsule of Tartrazine, E102. The obtained results were compared with existing acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) for individual dyes. This paper provides information about the content of dyes in samples of vitamins. This information is not generally available to consumers (2).
When using the colours listed below in food and drink there is a requirement (subject to a limited number of exemptions) to include the additional information that „name or E number of the colour(s)‟: may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children (3).
Other studies
The synthesis, adsorption mechanism and application of polyethyleneimine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for the analysis of synthetic colorants in candies and beverages.
Chen H, Deng X, Ding G, Qiao Y.
Food Chem. 2019 Sep 30;293:340-347. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.111.
Simultaneous determination of twelve dyes in meat products: Development and validation of an analytical method based on HPLC-UV-diode array detection.
Iammarino M, Mentana A, Centonze D, Palermo C, Mangiacotti M, Chiaravalle AE.
Food Chem. 2019 Jul 1;285:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.133
SPE/TLC/Densitometric Quantification of Selected Synthetic Food Dyes in Liquid Foodstuffs and Pharmaceutical Preparations.
Sobańska AW, Pyzowski J, Brzezińska E.
J Anal Methods Chem. 2017;2017:9528472. doi: 10.1155/2017/9528472
References_____________________________________
(1) Wageningen University - E124: Ponceau 4R
(2) The Determination of Food Dyes in Vitamins by RP-HPLC.
Šuleková M, Hudák A, Smrčová M.
Molecules. 2016 Oct 17;21(10). pii: E1368.
(3) FSA - Guidance on the labelling of certain food colours as set out in Regulation 1333/2008
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"Descrizione" about CI 16255 Review Consensus 8 by FRanier (9976 pt) | 2023-Jul-26 18:25 |
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CI 16255 (Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A, Acid Red 18) is one of the rarely allowable azo synthetic dyes and is often used in dyeing drink, food, tobacco, textile, medicine and cosmetics.
The name describes the structure of the molecule
Description of raw materials used in production
Synthesis process
Industrially it comes in the form of red powder.
Food
Ingredient dye included in the list of European food additives as E124
The FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1983 and the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1984 established an ADI of 0-4,0 mg/kg body weight/day for Ponceau 4R
In May 2010, the FSA (Food Standard Agency) established guidelines for certain dyes, including E124: "When using the colours listed below in food and drink there is a requirement (subject to a limited number of exemptions) to include the additional information that „name or E number of the colour(s)‟: may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children"
Cosmetics
It is a restricted ingredient IV/35 (CI 16255) as a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 and III/192 (Acid Red 18; Acid Red 18 Aluminum Lake).
Significant studies
Ponceau 4R is used as a coloring agent in many different products, such as food, drinks, medicines, cosmetics and tobacco. However, ponceau 4R also shows carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic behavior in high doses. In this work, standard Raman, theoretical Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra have been used to investigate ponceau 4R. More specifically, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to calculate the optimized Raman spectrum of ponceau 4R at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. This has provided a better understanding of the optimized geometry and vibrational frequencies of this dye. In addition, the experimental spectrum of ponceau 4R has been compared with the theoretical spectrum; good agreement was obtained. Finally, it has shown that using SERS the detection limit of the ponceau 4R solution can be as low as 5 μg/mL. This has been achieved by SERS measurements of ponceau 4R on a substrate of gold nanoparticles. The SERS peaks at 1030, 1236, 1356 and 1502 cm(-1) were chosen as index for semi-quantitative analysis, showing that the SERS technique provided a useful ultrasensitive method for the detection of ponceau 4R (1).
The synthetic food dyes studied were rose bengal (RB), phroxine (PL), amaranth, erythrosine B (ET), allura red, new coccine, acid red (AR), tartrazine, sunset yellow FCF, brilliant blue FCF, and indigo carmine... Result suggests that superoxide anions, originating on dyes by light irradiation, must attack drug-metabolizing enzymes. It is possible that red cosmetics containing phloxine, erythrosine, or rose bengal react with proteins on skin under lighting and may lead to rough skin (2).
Dyes are one of the most important existing pollutants in textile industrial wastewater. These compounds are often toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic to living organisms, chemically and photochemically stable, and non-biodegradable. Acid red 18 is one of the azo dyes that are currently used in the textile industries (3).
Typical features of Ponceau 4R commercial dye:
Appearance | Fine red powder |
Pure dye content | 82%-91.81% |
Volatile matter at 135°C & chlorides and sulfates | Max 11%-15% |
Subsidiary Dyes | 1%-0.3% |
Ether extraction | 0.2%-0.13% |
Non-sulfonated aromatic amines | 0.001%-<0.01% |
Water-insoluble matter | 0.20%-0.02% |
Chlorides and sulfates % by mass | 13%-6.02% |
Loss on drying at 135°C, 1 hour | 5% - 3.75% |
Pb | <2PPM |
As | <2PPM |
Hg | <2PPM |
The most relevant studies on this chemical compound have been selected with a summary of their contents:
Synonyms:
References__________________________________________________________________
(1) Xie Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Wang H, Qian H, Yao W. Theoretical calculation (DFT), Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) study of ponceau 4R. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2012 Oct;96:600-4. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.06.055. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
(2) Mizutani T Toxicity of xanthene food dyes by inhibition of human drug-metabolizing enzymes in a noncompetitive manner. J. Environ Public Health. 2009;2009:953952. doi: 10.1155/2009/953952.
(3) Jorfi S, Barkhordari MJ, Ahmadi M, Jaafarzadeh N, Moustofi A, Ramavandi B. Photodegradation of Acid red 18 dye by BiOI/ZnO nanocomposite: A dataset. Data Brief. 2017 Nov 24;16:608-611. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.11.068.
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Component type:   Chemical Main substances:   Last update:   2023-03-23 14:06:15 | Chemical Risk:   |