Isopentane, also known as 2-methylbutane, is a hydrocarbon that belongs to the alkane family. It is a volatile liquid at room temperature and is commonly used as a solvent and propellant in various cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Isopentane is used primarily for its ability to dissolve other substances and as a carrier in aerosol products.

Chemical Composition and Structure:

Chemical Formula: C5H12
Molecular Weight: 72.15 g/mol
Structure: Isopentane has a branched chain structure, with a central carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms, forming a methyl group.

Physical Properties:

Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Slight hydrocarbon odor
Boiling Point: 27.8°C (82.0°F)
Melting Point: -160°C (-256°F)
Solubility: Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Production Process:

Extraction:
Isopentane is typically extracted from natural gas or crude oil during the refining process.
Purification:
The extracted isopentane is purified through distillation to remove impurities and other hydrocarbons.
Formulation:
Purified isopentane is then used in various formulations as a solvent or propellant.

Applications:

Solvent: Used in the formulation of products to dissolve and mix other ingredients.
Propellant: Utilized in aerosol products to propel the contents from the container.
Chemical Intermediate: Serves as a precursor in the production of other chemicals.

Environmental and Safety Considerations:

Isopentane is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals when used according to established guidelines. However, it is a volatile compound and should be handled with care to avoid inhalation or skin contact. It is important to ensure that isopentane is used in a controlled manner to minimize environmental impact and avoid potential health risks.

INCI Functions:


Propellant. A source of pressure stored in the internal phase of the emulsion that allows the contents to be expelled.

Solvent. It is the substance for dissolving or dispersing surfactants, oils, dyes, flavourings, bactericidal preservatives in solution.In fact, it dissolves other components present in a cosmetic formulation. Solvents are generally liquid (aqueous and non-aqueous).

Surfactant - Foam booster. It has the effect of introducing gas bubbles into the water and affects the cleaning process by helping to spread the cleanser. Since sebum has an inhibiting effect on the bubble, more foam is produced in the second shampoo.
Synonyms:

CAS: 78-78-4 Ecnumber 201-142-8