Melia azadirachta leaf extract, commonly known as neem leaf extract, is derived from the leaves of the neem tree, which belongs to the Meliaceae family. This extract is obtained through various extraction methods, such as solvent extraction or maceration, to concentrate the active compounds present in the leaves. It is known for its potential benefits in skincare and cosmetic applications.

Chemical Composition and Structure:

Components: The extract contains several active compounds, including limonoids (such as azadirachtin and nimbin), flavonoids, polyphenols, and various other phytochemicals. The primary active constituents are known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Structure: Limonoids like azadirachtin have a complex tetranortriterpenoid structure with multiple rings and functional groups. Flavonoids and polyphenols are phenolic compounds with varying structures but common antioxidant activity.

Physical Properties:

Appearance: The extract is typically a dark green or brown liquid but may appear as a paste or powder depending on the extraction method and formulation.
Odor: It has a characteristic odor, which can be described as vegetal, slightly bitter, or herbal.
Solubility: The extract is soluble in organic solvents and oils, but its solubility in water is limited.
pH: The pH of the extract can vary, generally ranging from 5.0 to 7.0, depending on the extraction process and formulation.

Production Process:

Harvesting: The leaves of Melia azadirachta are collected from the tree, preferably when they are mature and fresh.
Preparation: The leaves are cleaned and prepared for extraction. They may be dried or used fresh, depending on the extraction method.
Extraction: Extraction can be performed using solvents such as ethanol or methanol, or through maceration in vegetable oils. Alternative methods include supercritical extraction or cold extraction techniques.
Purification: The obtained extract is filtered and purified to remove impurities and solvent residues.
Formulation: The purified extract is incorporated into cosmetic formulations or used as a standalone ingredient.

Applications:

Skincare: Used in creams, lotions, and serums for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It may help soothe irritated skin, reduce signs of aging, and improve skin elasticity.
Haircare: Included in shampoos and conditioners to promote a healthy scalp and reduce dandruff, due to its antimicrobial and soothing properties.
Traditional and Medicinal Use: Employed in traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties, including the treatment of skin disorders and infections.

Environmental and Safety Considerations:

Environmental Impact: Sustainable practices in harvesting and production should be adopted to prevent environmental damage and ensure resource conservation.
Safety: This ingredient is generally regarded as safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used as directed. Individuals allergic to plants or with very sensitive skin should be cautious.

INCI:


Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.
Synonyms:

CAS: 90063-92-6 EC number 290-052-2