L'Inositolo esaniacinato o Inositolo Esanicotinato niacina no-flush, inositol hexanicotinate, niacinamide esaniacinato, è una forma di vitamina B₃ (niacina) legata all'inositolo. È utilizzato per i suoi benefici per la salute cardiovascolare e metabolica, offrendo un'alternativa alla niacina tradizionale senza causare il comune effetto collaterale del rossore. Ecco alcuni dei principali utilizzi e benefici dell'Inositolo esaniacinato.

Salute cardiovascolare. L'Inositolo esaniacinato è noto per aiutare a mantenere livelli salutari di colesterolo (1), supportando la salute del cuore e del sistema circolatorio. Aiuta a migliorare la circolazione sanguigna, potenzialmente beneficiando condizioni come la claudicatio intermittens (dolore alle gambe causato da esercizio fisico dovuto a cattiva circolazione).

Vampate di calore. A differenza della niacina tradizionale, questa forma offre i benefici della vitamina B₃ riducendo significativamente il rischio di rossore e vampate di calore (2), grazie alla lenta dissociazione dell'inositolo dalla niacina nel corpo.

Antiossidante. L'Inositolo esaniacinato può avere effetti antiossidanti (3), proteggendo le cellule dai danni causati dai radicali liberi.

Zucchero nel sangue. Sembra che possa aiutare nella gestione dei livelli di zucchero nel sangue, supportando persone con o a rischio di diabete.

Integratori alimentari. Spesso usato in integratori alimentari per coloro che cercano i benefici della niacina senza gli effetti collaterali del rossore, specialmente per il supporto metabolico e cardiovascolare.

L'Inositolo esaniacinato quindi, da quello che abbiamo visto, combina i benefici della niacina con una migliore tollerabilità, rendendolo una scelta possibile per il supporto alla salute cardiovascolare e metabolica senza gli effetti collaterali comuni della niacina.

Si presenta in forma di polvere bianca

Processo industriale di sintesi chimica

• Sintesi chimica di inositolo e acido nicotinico (niacina) come precursori. Questi composti sono preparati e purificati per garantire la loro reattività nella successiva reazione di esterificazione.
• Esterificazione. Inositolo e acido nicotinico vengono poi combinati in una reazione di esterificazione. Durante questo processo, sei molecole di acido nicotinico vengono esterificate con una molecola di inositolo, formando inositolo hexaniacinate. La reazione richiede catalizzatori specifici e condizioni di reazione controllate per ottenere un alto rendimento.
• Purificazione. Il prodotto grezzo di inositolo hexaniacinate viene purificato per rimuovere impurità e sottoprodotti della reazione. Questo può includere tecniche come la cristallizzazione, la distillazione sotto vuoto e la cromatografia.
• Controllo Qualità. Il prodotto purificato viene sottoposto a controlli di qualità per verificare la sua purezza, la composizione chimica e l'assenza di impurità. Questi test possono includere analisi spettroscopiche, cromatografiche e test di purezza.
• Formulazione. L'inositolo hexaniacinate purificato può essere formulato in varie forme per l'uso in supplementi dietetici, come capsule, compresse o polveri.

Molecular Formula  C₄₂H₃₀N₆O₁₂

Molecular Weight  810.7 g/mol

CAS  6556-11-2

UNII    A99MK953KZ

EC Number   229-485-9

Synonyms

Inositol nicotinate

Inositol niacinate

Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Jariwalla, R. J. (1999). Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) as an anti-neoplastic and lipid-lowering agent. Anticancer research, 19(5A), 3699-3702.

Abstract. IP6, a major dietary source of inositol phosphates, is a physiological antioxidant with potential to form complexes with cations linked to cell proliferation and hypercholesterolemia. Accordingly, we have examined the action of IP6 on dietary modulation of neoplasia and hyperlipidemia in a Fischer rat model (1, 2). Two studies were conducted on the effects of naturally-derived IP6, administered as purified phytate, a salt form of phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphoric acid). One study examined the effect on the growth of tumors promoted in syngeneic rats transplanted with a viral oncogene-transformed cell line. Increases in tumor incidence and growth rate of fibrosarcomas seen following administration of a special diet (containing 5% saturated fatty acids and 1.2% magnesium oxide) were completely mitigated by supplementation of the same diet with purified potassium-magnesium phytate (8.9% phytic acid by weight). The other study examined the IP6 effect on serum lipid and mineral levels in animals fed a cholesterol-enriched or standard diet. Elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and zinc/copper ratio associated with administration of the cholesterol-enriched diet were significantly lowered by supplementation of this diet with monopotassium phytate. Addition of monopotassium phytate to the standard diet also reduced serum lipid levels but did not significantly affect the zinc/copper ratio. These studies support a role for IP6 as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer and hyperlipidemia.

(2) Aguilar, F., Charrondiere, U. R., Dusemund, B., Galtier, P., Gilbert, J., Gott, D. M., ... & Woutersen, R. A. (2008). Inositol hexanicotinate (inositol hexaniacinate) as a source of niacin (vitamin B3) added for nutritional purposes in food supplements. EFSA JOURNAL, 949, 1-20.

Abstract. No genotoxicity data are available on inositol hexanicotinate. However, as inositol hexanicotinate is hydrolysed to inositol and nicotinic acid, which are endogenous compounds and occur in several dietary products as well, the Panel concluded that the absence of genotoxicity data does not raise any concern. The petitioners indicate that inositol hexanicotinate acts as a slow-release supply of nicotinic acid and that therefore, the flushing effect is not likely to occur when inositol hexanicotinate is used as a source of niacin since the nicotinic acid molecules slowly hydrolyse from the inositol. The Panel notes that given the slow release of nicotinic acid from inositol hexanicotinate, the flushing effect, on the basis of which both the SCF and EVM have given Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for nicotinic acid, may be conservative for inositol hexanicotinate. However, given the absence of studies adequately supporting the absence of a flushing effect when dosing inositol hexanicotinate, the Panel concludes that the upper limit for nicotinic acid of 10 mg/day should also be used to judge the safety of inositol hexanicotinate. A daily dose of 10 mg nicotinic acid given as inositol hexanicotinate would amount to a daily dose of 11 mg inositol hexanicotinate, resulting in release of 2.4 mg inositol upon hydrolysis. Given the estimated normal dietary intake of inositol that amounts to 335-1500 mg myo-inositol (the most important form of naturally occurring inositol)/day, the Panel concludes that the intake of 2.4 mg inositol/day, resulting from intake of inositol hexanicotinate at a level that corresponds to a daily dose of 10 mg nicotinic acid, would not be of safety concern. The Panel concludes that the use of inositol hexanicotinate as a source for niacin, when added for nutritional purposes in food supplements intended for the general population, would be of no safety concern provided that use levels are in compliance with the defined upper safe use level for nicotinic acid (10 mg/day). However, the Panel is concerned that the use levels of inositol hexanicotinate proposed by the petitioners are 40 and 495 mg/day providing 36.4 and 450 mg nicotinic acid/day. These proposed use levels provide levels of nicotinic acid that are 4 to 45 times higher than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 10 mg nicotinic acid/day defined by the SCF in 2002.

(3) Foster, S. R., Dilworth, L. L., Thompson, R. K., Alexander-Lindo, R. L., & Omoruyi, F. O. (2017). Effects of combined inositol hexakisphosphate and inositol supplement on antioxidant activity and metabolic enzymes in the liver of streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 275, 108-115.

Abstract. Diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species, lipid abnormalities, reduced antioxidant activity and organ damage. This study examines the effects of combined inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) and inositol supplement on antioxidant levels and other biochemical parameters in the liver of type 2 diabetic rats. Five groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Six rats were fed normal diet (non-diabetic control), while 24 rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced in 18 of the rats fed HFD by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were separated into three groups namely: combined IP6 and inositol, glibenclamide and diabetic control. The non-diabetic group fed high-fat diet was classified as a high-fat control group. For the final four weeks of the experiment, all rats were fed normal diet and given their respective treatment regimes. Hepatic antioxidant status, metabolic enzyme activity, lipid profile, peroxidative damage and liver histology, as well as, serum aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and total bilirubin concentration were assessed. Treatment with combined IP6 and inositol supplement significantly increased liver reduced glutathione and high-density lipoprotein levels while liver triglyceride levels and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly reduced by 27%, 50%, 38.5%, and 69.2% respectively compared to the diabetic control. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly upregulated by 55%, 26% and 53% respectively in the diabetic rats treated with combined IP6 and inositol compared to the diabetic control. Combined IP6 and inositol treatment resulted in the preservation of liver cell integrity and improved antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic rats.