Pancreatic.

To investigate the therapeutic effects of ellagic acid on L-arginin ınduced acute pancreatitis in rats, the healing effects of ellagic acid on inflammatory and oxidative stress were confirmed by histopathological and biochemical evaluations of the pancreatic tissue (1).

Parkinson

Ellagic and curcumin are the natural polyphenols having a wide range of pharmacological actions. They have been reported to have their use in various neurological disorders. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin and ellagic acid on the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO), the enzyme responsible for metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters which are pivotal for neuronal development and function. Curcumin and ellagic acid can be considered a possible source of MAO inhibitor used in the treatment of Parkinson's and other neurological disorders (2).

Colon.

Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) offer a novel paradigm for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and dietary polyphenols may contribute to battle these cells. Specifically, polyphenol-derived colon metabolites have the potential to interact with and affect colon CSCs. We herein report the effects against colon CSCs of two mixtures of ellagitannin (ET) metabolites, ellagic acid (EA) and the gut microbiota-derived urolithins (Uro) at concentrations detected in the human colon tissues following the intake of ET-containing products (pomegranate, walnuts)(3).

Brain.

Context In a previous study, it has been shown that ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenolic compound found in pomegranate and different berries, prevents cognitive and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) impairments induced by traumatic brain injury in rats through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Objective The present study was conducted to assess the potential of EA as a memory enhancer. Materials and methods The elevated plus maze (EPM) and passive avoidance (PA) paradigm were used to evaluate learning and memory parameters. This study demonstrates that ellagic acid is effective in preventing scopolamine- and diazepam-induced cognitive impairments without altering the animals' locomotion. This suggests the potential of EA application as a useful memory restorative agent in the treatment of dementia seen in elderly persons (4).

References_________________________________

(1) Therapeutic effects of ellagic acid on L-arginin ınduced acute pancreatitis.
Yılmaz EE, Bozdağ Z, Ibiloğlu I, Arıkanoğlu Z, Yazgan ÜC, Kaplan I, Gümüş M, Atamanalp SS.
Acta Cir Bras. 2016 Jun;31(6):396-401. doi: 10.1590/S0102-865020160060000006.

(2) Kinetics of Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase Using Curcumin and Ellagic Acid.
Khatri DK, Juvekar AR.
Pharmacogn Mag. 2016 May;12(Suppl 2):S116-20. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.182168. Epub 2016 May 11.

(3) In vivo relevant mixed urolithins and ellagic acid inhibit phenotypic and molecular colon cancer stem cell features: A new potentiality for ellagitannin metabolites against cancer.
Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Karmokar A, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Brown K, Espín JC.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2016 Jun;92:8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.011. Epub 2016 Mar 16. 

(4) Beneficial effects of ellagic acid against animal models of scopolamine- and diazepam-induced cognitive impairments.
Mansouri MT, Farbood Y, Naghizadeh B, Shabani S, Mirshekar MA, Sarkaki A.
Pharm Biol. 2016 Feb 1:1-7.

Cos'è l'Acido ellagico

Un componente naturale, un polifenolo.

Dove si trova

In alcune piante della famiglia Myrtaceae, in particolare da Eucalyptus Hemifolia, Eucalyptus maculata. Inoltre è stato isolato da :

Avicennia schaueriana Stapf, una mangrovia endemica brasiliana, famiglia Avicenniaceae (1)

Tilia Tormentosa, famiglia Tiliaceae (2)

Theobroma cacao L., famiglia Sterculiaceae (3)

Terminalia bentzoë (L.), famiglia Combretaceae (4)

Clerodendrum viscosum, famiglia Lamiaceae (5)

Pimenta racemosa, famiglia Myrtaceae (6)

Spondias mombin L., famiglia Anacardiaceae (7),

melagrana, mirtilli rossi, noci, lamponi ed inoltre nella propoli delle api brasiliane Melipona subnitida Ducke (jandaíra) (8)

A cosa serve

Gli studi molto recenti sulle sue proprietà sono numerosi e suffragati da prove di laboratorio su animali e persone. 

Sono state accertate le proprietà anti-infiammatorie generali (9) e particolari (10) di questo acido.

Precisamente :

• Attività epatoprotettiva (11)
• Protezione dell'intestino (12) e del colon (13)
• Protezione del cervello e del nervo sciatico (14)
• Riduzione della proliferazione delle cellule tumorali nel tumore al seno (15)
• Protezione per gastriti ed ulcera (16)
• Protezione per il cancro alla prostata (17)
• Protezione per la pelle da raggi Ultravioletti (18)

Viene anche utilizzato come colorante e per ricerche scientifiche.

Ellagic Acid, studies     (inglese)

 Formula molecolare : C₁₄H₆O₈

Peso molecolare : 302.19

CAS : 476-66-4

Sinonimi :

• Benzoaric acid
• Eleagic acid
• 2,3,7,8-Tetrahydroxychromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione
• (1)Benzopyrano(5,4,3-cde)(1)benzopyran-5,10-dione, 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-
• 4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-Hexahydroxydiphenic acid 2,6,2′,6′-dilactone
• 4,4',5,5',6,6'-Hexahydroxydiphenic acid 2,6,2',6'-dilactone hydrate
• EINECS 207-508-3
• PubChem Substance ID: 24894460
• Beilstein Registry Number: 47549
• MDL number: MFCD00006914

Bibliografia______________________________

(1) Gastroprotective effect of ethyl acetate extract from Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechman and underlying mechanisms.

Pereira Barbosa JA, Nascimento Santana MA, Campos Leite TC, de Oliveira TB, Barreto Mota FV, Gomes Alves Bastos IV, Corrêa AJC, de Amorim ELC, Cardoso Vieira JR, Sarmento Silva TM, Bandeira Delmiro Santana AL, do Nascimento MS, da Silva TG.

Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Feb 16;112:108582. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.043.

(2) Secondary metabolites of Tilia tomentosa Moench inflorescences collected in Central Italy: chemotaxonomy relevance and phytochemical rationale of traditional use.

Frezza C, De Vita D, Spinaci G, Sarandrea M, Venditti A, Bianco A.

Nat Prod Res. 2019 Jan 12:1-8. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1550487.

(3) Identification and quantification of free and bound phenolic compounds contained in the high-molecular weight melanoidin fractions derived from two different types of cocoa beans by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-HR-MSn.

Oracz J, Nebesny E, Żyżelewicz D.

Food Res Int. 2019 Jan;115:135-149. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.028. Epub 2018 Aug 12.

(4) N-myristoyltransferases inhibitory activity of ellagitannins from Terminalia bentzoë (L.) L. f. subsp. bentzoë.

Apel C, Bignon J, Garcia-Alvarez MC, Ciccone S, Clerc P, Grondin I, Girard-Valenciennes E, Smadja J, Lopes P, Frédérich M, Roussi F, Meinnel T, Giglione C, Litaudon M.

Fitoterapia. 2018 Nov;131:91-95. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.10.014. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

(5) An ellagic acid isolated from Clerodendrum viscosum leaves ameliorates iron-overload induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice through inhibition of oxidative stress and the apoptotic pathway.

Shendge AK, Basu T, Panja S, Chaudhuri D, Mandal N.

Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Oct;106:454-465. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.133. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

(6) Phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-ulcerogenic and hepatoprotective activities of Pimenta racemosa leaves.

Moharram FA, Al-Gendy AA, El-Shenawy SM, Ibrahim BM, Zarka MA.

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018 Jul 5;18(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2260-3

(7) Antiulcer Activity and Potential Mechanism of Action of the Leaves of Spondias mombin L.

Brito SA, de Almeida CLF, de Santana TI, da Silva Oliveira AR, do Nascimento Figueiredo JCB, Souza IT, de Almeida LL, da Silva MV, Borges AS, de Medeiros JW, da Costa Silva Neto J, de Cássia Ribeiro Gonçalves R, Kitagawa RR, Sant'Ana AEG, Rolim LA, de Menezes IRA, da Silva TG, Caldas GFR, Wanderley AG.

Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Apr 26;2018:1731459. doi: 10.1155/2018/1731459. eCollection 2018.

(8) Characterisation of phenolic compounds by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS of geopropolis from the stingless bee Melipona subnitida (jandaíra).

de Souza SA, da Silva TMG, da Silva EMS, Camara CA, Silva TMS.

Phytochem Anal. 2018 Nov;29(6):549-558. doi: 10.1002/pca.2766. Epub 2018 May 17

(9) Protective efficacy of ellagic acid on glycoproteins, hematological parameters, biochemical changes, and electrolytes in myocardial infarcted rats.

Kannan MM, Quine SD, Sangeetha T.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2012 Jul;26(7):270-5. doi: 10.1002/jbt.21418. Epub 2012 Jun 21. 

(10) Dietary supplementation of an ellagic acid-enriched pomegranate extract attenuates chronic colonic inflammation in rats.
Rosillo MA, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Cárdeno A, Aparicio-Soto M, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Villegas I, de la Lastra CA.
Pharmacol Res. 2012 Sep;66(3):235-42. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.05.006. Epub 2012 Jun 4. 

 (11) Hepatoprotective activities of picroliv, curcumin, and ellagic acid compared to silymarin on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in mice.
Girish C, Pradhan SC.
J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2012 Apr;3(2):149-55. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.95515. 

 (12) Protective effect of ellagic acid and pumpkin seed oil against methotrexate-induced small intestine damage in rats.
El-Boghdady NA.
Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2011 Dec;48(6):380-7. 

(13) Dietary supplementation of an ellagic acid-enriched pomegranate extract attenuates chronic colonic inflammation in rats.
Rosillo MA, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Cárdeno A, Aparicio-Soto M, Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Villegas I, de la Lastra CA.
Pharmacol Res. 2012 Sep;66(3):235-42. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.05.006. Epub 2012 Jun 4. 

(14) Ellagic acid attenuates oxidative stress on brain and sciatic nerve and improves histopathology of brain in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Uzar E, Alp H, Cevik MU, Fırat U, Evliyaoglu O, Tufek A, Altun Y.
Neurol Sci. 2012 Jun; Epub 2011 Sep 16. 

(15) The antioxidant potency of Punica granatum L. Fruit peel reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis on breast cancer.
Dikmen M, Ozturk N, Ozturk Y.
J Med Food. 2011 Dec;14(12):1638-46. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0062. Epub 2011 Aug 23. 

Pomegranate juice and specific components inhibit cell and molecular processes critical for metastasis of breast cancer.
Rocha A, Wang L, Penichet M, Martins-Green M.
Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012 Dec;136(3):647-58. doi: 10.1007/s10549-012-2264-5. Epub 2012 Oct 12. 

(16) Gastroprotective and ulcer-healing mechanisms of ellagic acid in experimental rats.
Beserra AM, Calegari PI, Souza Mdo C, Dos Santos RA, Lima JC, Silva RM, Balogun SO, Martins DT.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Jul 13;59(13):6957-65. doi: 10.1021/jf2003267. Epub 2011 Jun 16. 

(17) Specific pomegranate juice components as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer metastasis.
Wang L, Ho J, Glackin C, Martins-Green M.
Transl Oncol. 2012 Oct;5(5):344-55. Epub 2012 Oct 1. 

 Influence of ellagic acid on prostate cancer cell proliferation: a caspase-dependent pathway.
Malik A, Afaq S, Shahid M, Akhtar K, Assiri A.
Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Jul;4(7):550-5. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60144-2. 

Ellagic acid, a component of pomegranate fruit juice, suppresses androgen-dependent prostate carcinogenesis via induction of apoptosis.
Naiki-Ito A, Chewonarin T, Tang M, Pitchakarn P, Kuno T, Ogawa K, Asamoto M, Shirai T, Takahashi S.
Prostate. 2014 Oct 4. doi: 10.1002/pros.22900. 

(18) Ellagic acid protects human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells against UVA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the upregulation of the HO-1 and Nrf-2 antioxidant genes.
Hseu YC, Chou CW, Senthil Kumar KJ, Fu KT, Wang HM, Hsu LS, Kuo YH, Wu CR, Chen SC, Yang HL.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 May;50(5):1245-55. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.020. Epub 2012 Feb 22.