Effects of Grape Seed Extract and Proanthocyanidin B2 on In Vitro Proliferation, Viability, Steroidogenesis, Oxidative Stress, and Cell Signaling in Human Granulosa Cells.
Barbe A, Ramé C, Mellouk N, Estienne A, Bongrani A, Brossaud A, Riva A, Guérif F, Froment P, Dupont J.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 28;20(17). pii: E4215. doi: 10.3390/ijms20174215.

Grape Pomace as a Promising Antimicrobial Alternative in Feed: A Critical Review.
Hassan YI, Kosir V, Yin X, Ross K, Diarra MS.
J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Sep 4;67(35):9705-9718. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02861.

Evaluation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of 31 grape cultivars with different genotypes.
Xia L, Xu C, Huang K, Lu J, Zhang Y.
J Food Biochem. 2019 Jun;43(6):e12626. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.12626.

Characterization of an Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Extract from Cool Climate, White Grape Marc.
Olejar KJ, Ricci A, Swift S, Zujovic Z, Gordon KC, Fedrizzi B, Versari A, Kilmartin PA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Jul 20;8(7). pii: E232. doi: 10.3390/antiox8070232.

Grape peel powder promotes intestinal barrier homeostasis in acute TNBS-colitis: A major role for dietary fiber and fiber-bound polyphenols.
Maurer LH, Cazarin CBB, Quatrin A, Minuzzi NM, Costa EL, Morari J, Velloso LA, Leal RF, Rodrigues E, Bochi VC, Júnior MRM, Emanuelli T.
Food Res Int. 2019 Sep;123:425-439. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.068.

Isolation of 1-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-trihydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol from Grape Seed Extract and Evaluation of its Antioxidant and Antispasmodic Potential.
Gleńsk M, Hurst WJ, Glinski VB, Bednarski M, Gliński JA.
Molecules. 2019 Jul 4;24(13). pii: E2466. doi: 10.3390/molecules24132466.

Grape seed procyanidin B2 promotes the autophagy and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Zhang R, Yu Q, Lu W, Shen J, Zhou D, Wang Y, Gao S, Wang Z.
Onco Targets Ther. 2019 May 24;12:4109-4118. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S195615.

Investigation of the chemical composition and biological activity of edible grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) leaf varieties.
Pintać D, Četojević-Simin D, Berežni S, Orčić D, Mimica-Dukić N, Lesjak M.
Food Chem. 2019 Jul 15;286:686-695. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.049.

Neuroprotective effect of grape seed extract on brain ischemia: a proteomic approach.
Kadri S, El Ayed M, Cosette P, Jouenne T, Elkhaoui S, Zekri S, Limam F, Aouani E, Mokni M.
Metab Brain Dis. 2019 Jun;34(3):889-907. doi: 10.1007/s11011-019-00396-2.

Phenolic profiles and anti-inflammatory activities of sixteen table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties.
Colombo F, Di Lorenzo C, Regazzoni L, Fumagalli M, Sangiovanni E, Peres de Sousa L, Bavaresco L, Tomasi D, Bosso A, Aldini G, Restani P, Dell'Agli M.
Food Funct. 2019 Apr 17;10(4):1797-1807. doi: 10.1039/c8fo02175a.

Grape belongs to the family of Vitaceae and the genus Vitis.

In addition to vitamins B1, B6, C and K, grape also contains polyphenols that, with their antioxidant activity, perform various protective actions: increase in gene expression or antioxidant protein, attenuation of stress signaling of the endoplasmic reticulum, blockage of pro-inflammatory cytokines or endotoxin-mediated kinases and transcription factors involved in metabolic diseases, suppression of inflammation (1). These actions can reduce obesity-mediated chronic inflammation by multiple mechanisms, thus preventing metabolic diseases.

In addition, it seems established an effect of stimulation of memory in older people through an integration of grape juice that has produced a reduction in vascular disease in people with cardiovascular disease (2)

Piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene) , a polyphenol of grape, regulating the expression of proteins involved in the migration of cancer cells, would appear to be able to counteract their migration in the prostate (3).

Vitis rotundifolia extracts produced an anti-cancer action against a particularly aggressive tumour, triple-negative breast cancer. The positive action can be traced back to the antitumor and antioxidant activity carried out by the phenolic content and flavonoids present in this type of grape (4).

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trans-trihydroxystilbene) is present in the skin and seeds of the grape. It is a polyphenolic component belonging to the stilbene family that protects plants from stress, infections and other diseases. Resveratrol has a wide range of biological properties with anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, anti-aging (5).

Grape studies

References_____________________________________________________

(1) Potential mechanisms by which polyphenol-rich grapes prevent obesity-mediated inflammation and metabolic diseases. Chuang CC e McIntosh MK.   Annu Rev Nutr. 2011 Aug 21;31:155-76. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145149.

(2) Concord grape juice supplementation improves memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.  Krikorian R, Nash TA, Shidler MD et al. Br J Nutr. 2010 Mar;103(5):730-4. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509992364 

(3) Piceatannol inhibits migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells: possible mediation by decreased interleukin-6 signaling.  Kwon GT, Jung JI, Song HR et al. J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Mar;23(3):228-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.019.

(4) The Anticancer and Antioxidant Effects of Muscadine Grape Extracts on Racially Different Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells.  Mendonca P, Darwish AG, Tsolova V, El-Sharkawy I, Soliman KFA.  Anticancer Res. 2019 Aug;39(8):4043-4053. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.13560.

(5) Health benefits of resveratrol administration.  Galiniak S, Aebisher D, Bartusik-Aebisher D.  Acta Biochim Pol. 2019 Feb 28;66(1):13-21. doi: 10.18388/abp.2018_2749.