| "Descrizione" by A_Partyns (13035 pt) | 2024-Jun-02 18:12 |
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CI 77713 (Carbonato di magnesio) è un composto chimico, un colorante sintetico, sale di magnesio dell'acido carbonico ed è formato da materiale a base di idrotalcite.
Il nome descrive la struttura della molecola:
Materie prime utilizzate nella produzione:
Magnesio. Un elemento metallico che reagisce con l'anidride carbonica per formare i carbonati di magnesio.
Idrotalcite. Un materiale minerale che funge da fonte per la produzione di carbonati di magnesio. L'idrotalcite è composta da strati di idrossido di magnesio e alluminio intercalati con anioni carbonato.
Anidride Carbonica. Un gas che reagisce con il magnesio per formare i carbonati di magnesio.
Sintesi chimica industriale
Industrialmente si presenta in forma di polvere bianca.

A cosa serve e dove si usa
Alimentazione
E' un antiagglomerante inserito nella lista degli additivi alimentari europei con il numero E504 ed utilizzato in formaggi, vini ecc. e nel Colour Index International come CI 77713, colorante.
Cosmetica
E' un ingrediente soggetto a restrizioni IV/139 come Voce pertinente negli allegati del regolamento europeo sui cosmetici n. 1223/2009
Medicina
Il Carbonato di magnesio viene usato contro bruciori di stomaco o indigestioni. A differenza di altri sali di magnesio (aspartato, citrato, gluconato, lattato, orotato, piruvato) che si assorbono con facilità nell'organismo, il Carbonato di magnesio è più lento. Viene utilizzato come efficace trattamento nei pazienti in emodialisi con problemi calcio-fosforici (1) con qualche avvertenza (3) Nonostante siano stati riscontrati effetti positivi a lungo termine sulla calcificazione dell'arteria coronarica (2), si ritiene che questi studi debbano ancora essere approfonditi per un riscontro certo dell'efficacità del prodotto. Nel corpo umano aiuta lo sviluppo della muscolatura e delle ossa.
In dosi non appropriate può causare diarrea e mal di pancia.
I sali di Magnesio vengono usati in trattamenti per la conservazione dell'integrità del sistema sanguigno, del pH delle urine ecc.
Su questo ingrediente sono stati selezionati gli studi più rilevanti con una sintesi dei contenuti:
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Sinonimi:
Bibliografia____________________________________________________________________
(1) Zwiech R, Dryja P, Łacina D, Króliczak V, Chrul S, Kacprzyk F. The influence of short-term magnesium carbonate treatment on calcium-phosphorus balance in dialysis patients. Wiad Lek. 2011;64(1):9-14.
Abstract. Introduction: The phosphate-binders presently used in the treatment of calcium-phosphorus disorders in dialysis patients remain a crucial element of cardio-vascular protection. The aim of the study was to assess short-time magnesium carbonate treatment efficacy in hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia....Conclusions: Magnesium carbonate seems to be the effective treatment of calcium-phosphorus disorders in hemodialysis patients. However its administration, similarly to other non-calcium phosphate-binders, is limited and dedicated to patients with normal serum calcium concentration.
Spiegel DM, Farmer B, Smits G, Chonchol M. Magnesium carbonate is an effective phosphate binder for chronic hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. J Ren Nutr. 2007 Nov;17(6):416-22. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2007.08.005.
Abstract. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium carbonate as a phosphate binder in hemodialysis patients....Conclusion: Magnesium carbonate was generally well-tolerated in this selected patient population, and was effective in controlling serum phosphorus while reducing elemental calcium ingestion.
(2) Spiegel DM, Farmer B. Long-term effects of magnesium carbonate on coronary artery calcification and bone mineral density in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study. Hemodial Int. 2009 Oct;13(4):453-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-4758.2009.00364.x.
Abstract. Observational data suggest that elevated magnesium levels in dialysis patients may prevent vascular calcification and in vitro magnesium can prevent hydroxyapatite crystal growth. However, the effects of magnesium on vascular calcification and bone mineral density have not been studied prospectively. Seven chronic hemodialysis patients participated in this open label, prospective pilot study to evaluate the effects of a magnesium-based phosphate binder on coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores and vertebral bone mineral density (V-BMD) in patients with baseline CAC scores >30. Magnesium carbonate/calcium carbonate (elemental Mg: 86 mg/elemental Ca 100 mg) was administered as the principal phosphate binder for a period of 18 months and changes in CAC and V-BMD were measured at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. Serum magnesium levels averaged 2.2+/-0.4 mEq/L (range: 1.3-3.9 mEq/L). Phosphorus levels (4.5+/-0.6 mg/dL) were well controlled throughout the 18 months study. Electron beam computed tomography results demonstrated a small not statically significant increase in absolute CAC scores, no significant change in median percent change, and a small none significant change in V-BMD. Magnesium may have a favorable effect on CAC. The long-term effect on bone mineral density remains unclear. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
(3) Delmez JA, Kelber J, Norword KY, Giles KS, Slatopolsky E. Magnesium carbonate as a phosphorus binder: a prospective, controlled, crossover study. Kidney Int. 1996 Jan;49(1):163-7. doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.22.
Abstract. The use of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) to bind phosphorus (P) in chronic hemodialysis patients has been a popular tactic in the past decade. Nonetheless, problems with hypercalcemia decrease its usefulness, particularly in patients treated with calcitriol. A P binder not containing calcium (Ca) would be of value in these circumstances. In short-term studies, we showed that magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) was well-tolerated and controlled P and Mg levels when given in conjunction with a dialysate Mg of 0.6 mg/dl. We, therefore, performed a prospective, randomized, crossover study to evaluate if the chronic use of MgCO3 would allow a reduction in the dose of CaCO3 and yet achieve acceptable levels of Ca, P, and Mg. We also assessed whether the lower dose of CaCO3 would facilitate the use of larger doses of calcitriol. The two phases were MgCO3 plus half the usual dose of CaCO3 and CaCO3 alone given in the usual dose. It was found that MgCO3 (dose, 465 +/- 52 mg/day elemental Mg) allowed a decrease in the amount of elemental Ca ingested from 2.9 +/- 0.4 to 1.2 +/- 0.2 g/day (P < 0.0001). The Ca, P, Mg levels were the same in the two phases. The maximum dose of i.v. calcitriol without causing hypercalcemia was 1.5 +/- 0.3 micrograms/treatment during the MgCO3 phase and 0.8 +/- micrograms/treatment during the Ca phase (P < 0.02). If these studies are confirmed, the use of MgCO3 and a dialysate Mg of 0.6 mg/dl may be considered in selected patients who develop hypercalcemia during treatment with i.v. calcitriol and CaCO3.
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