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"Descrizione" about sh-Decapeptide-7 by Al222 (18869 pt) | 2024-May-14 17:53 |
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sh-Decapeptide-7 è un composto chimico, una piattaforma molecolare e una proteina sintetica, identico a una porzione della proteina Enkephalin e in grado di fornire bioattività, composta da 10 aminoacidi collegati insieme tra i quali: glicina, leucina, lisina, fenilalanina, serina, treonina e tirosina.
I peptidi sintetici possono essere generati come copie di frammenti proteici incorporando amminoacidi non proteinogenici e modificati in modo da aumentare anche la stabilità proteolitica delle molecole. I peptidi sono utilizzati nello sviluppo di farmaci terapeutici (1) per la loro attività antimicrobica (2), il loro interesse bioattivo (3).
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola:
A cosa serve e dove si usa
sh-Decapeptide-7 è valorizzato nelle formulazioni cosmetiche per la sua versatilità. Agisce come antiossidante, proteggendo la pelle dai danni causati dai radicali liberi. Come agente tampone, aiuta a mantenere il pH ideale della formulazione. La sua capacità chelante gli permette di stabilizzare i metalli pesanti, migliorando la stabilità e l'efficacia del prodotto. Come condizionante per capelli, migliora la gestibilità e la morbidezza dei capelli. La sua funzione riducente contribuisce alla protezione della struttura capillare dai danni. Infine, come protettore della pelle, rinforza la barriera cutanea contro gli aggressori esterni. È particolarmente efficace nei prodotti anti-invecchiamento e nei trattamenti per capelli danneggiati.
Cosmetica - Funzioni INCI
Il processo di produzione industriale dei decapeptidi può essere suddiviso in diverse fasi chiave.
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) Myšková A, Sýkora D, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Lipidization as a tool toward peptide therapeutics. Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec;30(1):2284685. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2284685.
Abstract. Peptides, as potential therapeutics continue to gain importance in the search for active substances for the treatment of numerous human diseases, some of which are, to this day, incurable. As potential therapeutic drugs, peptides have many favorable chemical and pharmacological properties, starting with their great diversity, through their high affinity for binding to all sort of natural receptors, and ending with the various pathways of their breakdown, which produces nothing but amino acids that are nontoxic to the body. Despite these and other advantages, however, they also have their pitfalls. One of these disadvantages is the very low stability of natural peptides. They have a short half-life and tend to be cleared from the organism very quickly. Their instability in the gastrointestinal tract, makes it impossible to administer peptidic drugs orally. To achieve the best pharmacologic effect, it is desirable to look for ways of modifying peptides that enable the use of these substances as pharmaceuticals. There are many ways to modify peptides. Herein we summarize the approaches that are currently in use, including lipidization, PEGylation, glycosylation and others, focusing on lipidization. We describe how individual types of lipidization are achieved and describe their advantages and drawbacks. Peptide modifications are performed with the goal of reaching a longer half-life, reducing immunogenicity and improving bioavailability. In the case of neuropeptides, lipidization aids their activity in the central nervous system after the peripheral administration. At the end of our review, we summarize all lipidized peptide-based drugs that are currently on the market.
(2) Nguyen HLT, Trujillo-Paez JV, Umehara Y, Yue H, Peng G, Kiatsurayanon C, Chieosilapatham P, Song P, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Skin Barrier Repair in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7607. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207607.
Abstract. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that exhibits a complex interplay of skin barrier disruption and immune dysregulation. Patients with AD are susceptible to cutaneous infections that may progress to complications, including staphylococcal septicemia. Although most studies have focused on filaggrin mutations, the physical barrier and antimicrobial barrier also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Within the physical barrier, the stratum corneum and tight junctions play the most important roles. The tight junction barrier is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as structural and functional defects in tight junctions not only disrupt the physical barrier but also contribute to immunological impairments. Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, human b-defensins, and S100A7, improve tight junction barrier function. Recent studies elucidating the pathogenesis of AD have led to the development of barrier repair therapy for skin barrier defects in patients with this disease. This review analyzes the association between skin barrier disruption in patients with AD and antimicrobial peptides to determine the effect of these peptides on skin barrier repair and to consider employing antimicrobial peptides in barrier repair strategies as an additional approach for AD management.
(3) Stephanopoulos N. Peptide-Oligonucleotide Hybrid Molecules for Bioactive Nanomaterials. Bioconjug Chem. 2019 Jul 17;30(7):1915-1922. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00259. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID: 31082220.
Abstract. Peptides and oligonucleotides are two of the most interesting molecular platforms for making bioactive materials. Peptides provide bioactivity that can mimic that of proteins, whereas oligonucleotides like DNA can be used as scaffolds to immobilize other molecules with nanoscale precision. In this Topical Review, we discuss covalent conjugates of peptides and DNA for creating bioactive materials that can interface with cells. In particular, we focus on two areas. The first is multivalent presentation of peptides on a DNA scaffold, both linear assemblies and more complex nanostructures. The second is the reversible tuning of the extracellular environment-like ligand presentation, stiffness, and hierarchical morphology-in peptide-DNA biomaterials. These examples highlight the potential for creating highly potent materials with benefits not possible with either molecule alone, and we outline a number of future directions and applications for peptide-DNA conjugates.
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"Descrizione" about sh-Decapeptide-13 by Al222 (18869 pt) | 2024-May-14 17:46 |
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sh-Decapeptide-13 è un composto chimico, una piattaforma molecolare e una proteina sintetica, identico a una porzione della proteina Epimorphin e in grado di fornire bioattività, composta da 10 aminoacidi collegati insieme tra i quali: acido aspartico, cisteina, acido glutammico, glutammina, isoleucina e serina
I peptidi sintetici possono essere generati come copie di frammenti proteici incorporando amminoacidi non proteinogenici e modificati in modo da aumentare anche la stabilità proteolitica delle molecole. I peptidi sono utilizzati nello sviluppo di farmaci terapeutici (1) per la loro attività antimicrobica (2), il loro interesse bioattivo (3).
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola:
A cosa serve e dove si usa
sh-Decapeptide-13 è impiegato nelle formulazioni cosmetiche per capelli per le sue proprietà di condizionamento che aiutano a rinforzare i capelli e migliorarne l'aspetto generale. Promuove la salute del cuoio capelluto stimolando la produzione di componenti vitali che migliorano l'elasticità e la resistenza dei capelli. È particolarmente efficace nei trattamenti ristrutturanti per capelli danneggiati, dove contribuisce a ridurre la rottura, aumentare la lucentezza e migliorare la gestibilità.
Cosmetica - Funzioni INCI
Il processo di produzione industriale dei decapeptidi può essere suddiviso in diverse fasi chiave.
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) Myšková A, Sýkora D, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Lipidization as a tool toward peptide therapeutics. Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec;30(1):2284685. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2284685.
Abstract. Peptides, as potential therapeutics continue to gain importance in the search for active substances for the treatment of numerous human diseases, some of which are, to this day, incurable. As potential therapeutic drugs, peptides have many favorable chemical and pharmacological properties, starting with their great diversity, through their high affinity for binding to all sort of natural receptors, and ending with the various pathways of their breakdown, which produces nothing but amino acids that are nontoxic to the body. Despite these and other advantages, however, they also have their pitfalls. One of these disadvantages is the very low stability of natural peptides. They have a short half-life and tend to be cleared from the organism very quickly. Their instability in the gastrointestinal tract, makes it impossible to administer peptidic drugs orally. To achieve the best pharmacologic effect, it is desirable to look for ways of modifying peptides that enable the use of these substances as pharmaceuticals. There are many ways to modify peptides. Herein we summarize the approaches that are currently in use, including lipidization, PEGylation, glycosylation and others, focusing on lipidization. We describe how individual types of lipidization are achieved and describe their advantages and drawbacks. Peptide modifications are performed with the goal of reaching a longer half-life, reducing immunogenicity and improving bioavailability. In the case of neuropeptides, lipidization aids their activity in the central nervous system after the peripheral administration. At the end of our review, we summarize all lipidized peptide-based drugs that are currently on the market.
(2) Nguyen HLT, Trujillo-Paez JV, Umehara Y, Yue H, Peng G, Kiatsurayanon C, Chieosilapatham P, Song P, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Skin Barrier Repair in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7607. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207607.
Abstract. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that exhibits a complex interplay of skin barrier disruption and immune dysregulation. Patients with AD are susceptible to cutaneous infections that may progress to complications, including staphylococcal septicemia. Although most studies have focused on filaggrin mutations, the physical barrier and antimicrobial barrier also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Within the physical barrier, the stratum corneum and tight junctions play the most important roles. The tight junction barrier is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as structural and functional defects in tight junctions not only disrupt the physical barrier but also contribute to immunological impairments. Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, human b-defensins, and S100A7, improve tight junction barrier function. Recent studies elucidating the pathogenesis of AD have led to the development of barrier repair therapy for skin barrier defects in patients with this disease. This review analyzes the association between skin barrier disruption in patients with AD and antimicrobial peptides to determine the effect of these peptides on skin barrier repair and to consider employing antimicrobial peptides in barrier repair strategies as an additional approach for AD management.
(3) Stephanopoulos N. Peptide-Oligonucleotide Hybrid Molecules for Bioactive Nanomaterials. Bioconjug Chem. 2019 Jul 17;30(7):1915-1922. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00259. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID: 31082220.
Abstract. Peptides and oligonucleotides are two of the most interesting molecular platforms for making bioactive materials. Peptides provide bioactivity that can mimic that of proteins, whereas oligonucleotides like DNA can be used as scaffolds to immobilize other molecules with nanoscale precision. In this Topical Review, we discuss covalent conjugates of peptides and DNA for creating bioactive materials that can interface with cells. In particular, we focus on two areas. The first is multivalent presentation of peptides on a DNA scaffold, both linear assemblies and more complex nanostructures. The second is the reversible tuning of the extracellular environment-like ligand presentation, stiffness, and hierarchical morphology-in peptide-DNA biomaterials. These examples highlight the potential for creating highly potent materials with benefits not possible with either molecule alone, and we outline a number of future directions and applications for peptide-DNA conjugates.
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"Descrizione" about sh-Decapeptide-3 by Al222 (18869 pt) | 2024-May-14 17:42 |
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sh-Decapeptide-3 è un composto chimico, una piattaforma molecolare e una proteina sintetica, identico a una porzione della proteina KiSS-1 e in grado di fornire bioattività, composta da 10 aminoacidi collegati insieme tra i quali: arginina, asparagina, glicina, leucina, fenilalanina, serina, triptofano e tirosina.
I peptidi sintetici possono essere generati come copie di frammenti proteici incorporando amminoacidi non proteinogenici e modificati in modo da aumentare anche la stabilità proteolitica delle molecole. I peptidi sono utilizzati nello sviluppo di farmaci terapeutici (1) per la loro attività antimicrobica (2), il loro interesse bioattivo (3).
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola:
A cosa serve e dove si usa
sh-Decapeptide-3 è inserito nelle formulazioni cosmetiche per la sua efficacia nel potenziare la resilienza cutanea e l'integrità strutturale della pelle. Agendo direttamente sulle cellule della pelle, stimola intensamente la produzione di collagene, essenziale per un aspetto più tonico e giovanile. Questo peptide è particolarmente efficace per trattare i segni visibili di invecchiamento, come rughe profonde e rilassamento cutaneo, offrendo benefici duraturi e migliorando la texture complessiva della pelle.
Cosmetica - Funzioni INCI
Il processo di produzione industriale dei decapeptidi può essere suddiviso in diverse fasi chiave.
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) Myšková A, Sýkora D, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Lipidization as a tool toward peptide therapeutics. Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec;30(1):2284685. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2284685.
Abstract. Peptides, as potential therapeutics continue to gain importance in the search for active substances for the treatment of numerous human diseases, some of which are, to this day, incurable. As potential therapeutic drugs, peptides have many favorable chemical and pharmacological properties, starting with their great diversity, through their high affinity for binding to all sort of natural receptors, and ending with the various pathways of their breakdown, which produces nothing but amino acids that are nontoxic to the body. Despite these and other advantages, however, they also have their pitfalls. One of these disadvantages is the very low stability of natural peptides. They have a short half-life and tend to be cleared from the organism very quickly. Their instability in the gastrointestinal tract, makes it impossible to administer peptidic drugs orally. To achieve the best pharmacologic effect, it is desirable to look for ways of modifying peptides that enable the use of these substances as pharmaceuticals. There are many ways to modify peptides. Herein we summarize the approaches that are currently in use, including lipidization, PEGylation, glycosylation and others, focusing on lipidization. We describe how individual types of lipidization are achieved and describe their advantages and drawbacks. Peptide modifications are performed with the goal of reaching a longer half-life, reducing immunogenicity and improving bioavailability. In the case of neuropeptides, lipidization aids their activity in the central nervous system after the peripheral administration. At the end of our review, we summarize all lipidized peptide-based drugs that are currently on the market.
(2) Nguyen HLT, Trujillo-Paez JV, Umehara Y, Yue H, Peng G, Kiatsurayanon C, Chieosilapatham P, Song P, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Skin Barrier Repair in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7607. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207607.
Abstract. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that exhibits a complex interplay of skin barrier disruption and immune dysregulation. Patients with AD are susceptible to cutaneous infections that may progress to complications, including staphylococcal septicemia. Although most studies have focused on filaggrin mutations, the physical barrier and antimicrobial barrier also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Within the physical barrier, the stratum corneum and tight junctions play the most important roles. The tight junction barrier is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as structural and functional defects in tight junctions not only disrupt the physical barrier but also contribute to immunological impairments. Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, human b-defensins, and S100A7, improve tight junction barrier function. Recent studies elucidating the pathogenesis of AD have led to the development of barrier repair therapy for skin barrier defects in patients with this disease. This review analyzes the association between skin barrier disruption in patients with AD and antimicrobial peptides to determine the effect of these peptides on skin barrier repair and to consider employing antimicrobial peptides in barrier repair strategies as an additional approach for AD management.
(3) Stephanopoulos N. Peptide-Oligonucleotide Hybrid Molecules for Bioactive Nanomaterials. Bioconjug Chem. 2019 Jul 17;30(7):1915-1922. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00259. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID: 31082220.
Abstract. Peptides and oligonucleotides are two of the most interesting molecular platforms for making bioactive materials. Peptides provide bioactivity that can mimic that of proteins, whereas oligonucleotides like DNA can be used as scaffolds to immobilize other molecules with nanoscale precision. In this Topical Review, we discuss covalent conjugates of peptides and DNA for creating bioactive materials that can interface with cells. In particular, we focus on two areas. The first is multivalent presentation of peptides on a DNA scaffold, both linear assemblies and more complex nanostructures. The second is the reversible tuning of the extracellular environment-like ligand presentation, stiffness, and hierarchical morphology-in peptide-DNA biomaterials. These examples highlight the potential for creating highly potent materials with benefits not possible with either molecule alone, and we outline a number of future directions and applications for peptide-DNA conjugates.
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"Descrizione" about sh-Decapeptide-2 by Al222 (18869 pt) | 2024-May-14 16:54 |
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sh-Decapeptide-2 è un composto chimico, una piattaforma molecolare e una proteina sintetica, identico a una porzione della proteina Epidermal Growth Factor e in grado di fornire bioattività, composta da 10 aminoacidi collegati insieme tra i quali: arginina, cisteina, acido glutammico, glicina, isoleucina, tirosina e valina.
I peptidi sintetici possono essere generati come copie di frammenti proteici incorporando amminoacidi non proteinogenici e modificati in modo da aumentare anche la stabilità proteolitica delle molecole. I peptidi sono utilizzati nello sviluppo di farmaci terapeutici (1) per la loro attività antimicrobica (2), il loro interesse bioattivo (3).
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola:
A cosa serve e dove si usa
sh-Decapeptide-2 è un componente prezioso nelle formulazioni cosmetiche avanzate, dove agisce come un potente stimolatore del rinnovamento cutaneo. Attraverso la sua azione, favorisce la riparazione dei tessuti danneggiati e migliora la resistenza della pelle agli stress ambientali, riducendo effetti dell'invecchiamento come perdita di elasticità e formazione di linee sottili. È ideale per essere incorporato in formulazioni destinate al trattamento di pelli mature e stanche, offrendo un visibile rinnovo della texture cutanea.
Cosmetica - Funzioni INCI
Il processo di produzione industriale dei decapeptidi può essere suddiviso in diverse fasi chiave.
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) Myšková A, Sýkora D, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Lipidization as a tool toward peptide therapeutics. Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec;30(1):2284685. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2284685.
Abstract. Peptides, as potential therapeutics continue to gain importance in the search for active substances for the treatment of numerous human diseases, some of which are, to this day, incurable. As potential therapeutic drugs, peptides have many favorable chemical and pharmacological properties, starting with their great diversity, through their high affinity for binding to all sort of natural receptors, and ending with the various pathways of their breakdown, which produces nothing but amino acids that are nontoxic to the body. Despite these and other advantages, however, they also have their pitfalls. One of these disadvantages is the very low stability of natural peptides. They have a short half-life and tend to be cleared from the organism very quickly. Their instability in the gastrointestinal tract, makes it impossible to administer peptidic drugs orally. To achieve the best pharmacologic effect, it is desirable to look for ways of modifying peptides that enable the use of these substances as pharmaceuticals. There are many ways to modify peptides. Herein we summarize the approaches that are currently in use, including lipidization, PEGylation, glycosylation and others, focusing on lipidization. We describe how individual types of lipidization are achieved and describe their advantages and drawbacks. Peptide modifications are performed with the goal of reaching a longer half-life, reducing immunogenicity and improving bioavailability. In the case of neuropeptides, lipidization aids their activity in the central nervous system after the peripheral administration. At the end of our review, we summarize all lipidized peptide-based drugs that are currently on the market.
(2) Nguyen HLT, Trujillo-Paez JV, Umehara Y, Yue H, Peng G, Kiatsurayanon C, Chieosilapatham P, Song P, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Skin Barrier Repair in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7607. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207607.
Abstract. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that exhibits a complex interplay of skin barrier disruption and immune dysregulation. Patients with AD are susceptible to cutaneous infections that may progress to complications, including staphylococcal septicemia. Although most studies have focused on filaggrin mutations, the physical barrier and antimicrobial barrier also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Within the physical barrier, the stratum corneum and tight junctions play the most important roles. The tight junction barrier is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as structural and functional defects in tight junctions not only disrupt the physical barrier but also contribute to immunological impairments. Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, human b-defensins, and S100A7, improve tight junction barrier function. Recent studies elucidating the pathogenesis of AD have led to the development of barrier repair therapy for skin barrier defects in patients with this disease. This review analyzes the association between skin barrier disruption in patients with AD and antimicrobial peptides to determine the effect of these peptides on skin barrier repair and to consider employing antimicrobial peptides in barrier repair strategies as an additional approach for AD management.
(3) Stephanopoulos N. Peptide-Oligonucleotide Hybrid Molecules for Bioactive Nanomaterials. Bioconjug Chem. 2019 Jul 17;30(7):1915-1922. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00259. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID: 31082220.
Abstract. Peptides and oligonucleotides are two of the most interesting molecular platforms for making bioactive materials. Peptides provide bioactivity that can mimic that of proteins, whereas oligonucleotides like DNA can be used as scaffolds to immobilize other molecules with nanoscale precision. In this Topical Review, we discuss covalent conjugates of peptides and DNA for creating bioactive materials that can interface with cells. In particular, we focus on two areas. The first is multivalent presentation of peptides on a DNA scaffold, both linear assemblies and more complex nanostructures. The second is the reversible tuning of the extracellular environment-like ligand presentation, stiffness, and hierarchical morphology-in peptide-DNA biomaterials. These examples highlight the potential for creating highly potent materials with benefits not possible with either molecule alone, and we outline a number of future directions and applications for peptide-DNA conjugates.
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"Descrizione" about sh-Decapeptide-1 by Al222 (18869 pt) | 2024-May-14 16:56 |
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sh-Decapeptide-1 è un composto chimico, una piattaforma molecolare e una proteina sintetica, identico a una porzione della proteina Layilin e in grado di fornire bioattività, composta da 10 aminoacidi collegati insieme tra i quali: arginina, acido glutammico, glutammina, isoleucina, lisina, serina e triptofano.
I peptidi sintetici possono essere generati come copie di frammenti proteici incorporando amminoacidi non proteinogenici e modificati in modo da aumentare anche la stabilità proteolitica delle molecole. I peptidi sono utilizzati nello sviluppo di farmaci terapeutici (1) per la loro attività antimicrobica (2), il loro interesse bioattivo (3).
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola:
A cosa serve e dove si usa
sh-Decapeptide-1 è un ingrediente attivo nelle formulazioni cosmetiche per la sua capacità di stimolare la produzione di collagene e supportare il rinnovamento cellulare. Questo peptide aiuta a migliorare l'elasticità e la compattezza della pelle, contribuendo a ridurre i segni dell'invecchiamento come rughe e linee sottili. È particolarmente efficace nei prodotti anti-invecchiamento, come sieri e creme, dove offre benefici rigenerativi
Cosmetica - Funzioni INCI
Il processo di produzione industriale dei decapeptidi può essere suddiviso in diverse fasi chiave.
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) Myšková A, Sýkora D, Kuneš J, Maletínská L. Lipidization as a tool toward peptide therapeutics. Drug Deliv. 2023 Dec;30(1):2284685. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2284685.
Abstract. Peptides, as potential therapeutics continue to gain importance in the search for active substances for the treatment of numerous human diseases, some of which are, to this day, incurable. As potential therapeutic drugs, peptides have many favorable chemical and pharmacological properties, starting with their great diversity, through their high affinity for binding to all sort of natural receptors, and ending with the various pathways of their breakdown, which produces nothing but amino acids that are nontoxic to the body. Despite these and other advantages, however, they also have their pitfalls. One of these disadvantages is the very low stability of natural peptides. They have a short half-life and tend to be cleared from the organism very quickly. Their instability in the gastrointestinal tract, makes it impossible to administer peptidic drugs orally. To achieve the best pharmacologic effect, it is desirable to look for ways of modifying peptides that enable the use of these substances as pharmaceuticals. There are many ways to modify peptides. Herein we summarize the approaches that are currently in use, including lipidization, PEGylation, glycosylation and others, focusing on lipidization. We describe how individual types of lipidization are achieved and describe their advantages and drawbacks. Peptide modifications are performed with the goal of reaching a longer half-life, reducing immunogenicity and improving bioavailability. In the case of neuropeptides, lipidization aids their activity in the central nervous system after the peripheral administration. At the end of our review, we summarize all lipidized peptide-based drugs that are currently on the market.
(2) Nguyen HLT, Trujillo-Paez JV, Umehara Y, Yue H, Peng G, Kiatsurayanon C, Chieosilapatham P, Song P, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Ikeda S, Niyonsaba F. Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Skin Barrier Repair in Individuals with Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7607. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207607.
Abstract. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that exhibits a complex interplay of skin barrier disruption and immune dysregulation. Patients with AD are susceptible to cutaneous infections that may progress to complications, including staphylococcal septicemia. Although most studies have focused on filaggrin mutations, the physical barrier and antimicrobial barrier also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Within the physical barrier, the stratum corneum and tight junctions play the most important roles. The tight junction barrier is involved in the pathogenesis of AD, as structural and functional defects in tight junctions not only disrupt the physical barrier but also contribute to immunological impairments. Furthermore, antimicrobial peptides, such as LL-37, human b-defensins, and S100A7, improve tight junction barrier function. Recent studies elucidating the pathogenesis of AD have led to the development of barrier repair therapy for skin barrier defects in patients with this disease. This review analyzes the association between skin barrier disruption in patients with AD and antimicrobial peptides to determine the effect of these peptides on skin barrier repair and to consider employing antimicrobial peptides in barrier repair strategies as an additional approach for AD management.
(3) Stephanopoulos N. Peptide-Oligonucleotide Hybrid Molecules for Bioactive Nanomaterials. Bioconjug Chem. 2019 Jul 17;30(7):1915-1922. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00259. Epub 2019 May 28. PMID: 31082220.
Abstract. Peptides and oligonucleotides are two of the most interesting molecular platforms for making bioactive materials. Peptides provide bioactivity that can mimic that of proteins, whereas oligonucleotides like DNA can be used as scaffolds to immobilize other molecules with nanoscale precision. In this Topical Review, we discuss covalent conjugates of peptides and DNA for creating bioactive materials that can interface with cells. In particular, we focus on two areas. The first is multivalent presentation of peptides on a DNA scaffold, both linear assemblies and more complex nanostructures. The second is the reversible tuning of the extracellular environment-like ligand presentation, stiffness, and hierarchical morphology-in peptide-DNA biomaterials. These examples highlight the potential for creating highly potent materials with benefits not possible with either molecule alone, and we outline a number of future directions and applications for peptide-DNA conjugates.
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"Descrizione" about SLES by Al222 (18869 pt) | 2024-May-14 09:39 |
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SLES (Sodio lauriletere solfato o Sodium Laureth sulfate), è un composto chimico ed appartiene ad un gruppo di sali di alcoli etossilati solfatati. Si presenta in forma liquida o gel trasparente chiaro leggermente giallo o polvere bianca, fine, inodore.
Il nome definisce la struttura della molecola:
Il procedimento di sintesi si svolge in diverse fasi:
Non si deve confondere SLES (Sodium Laureth sulfate) con SLS in quanto, benché entrambi siano analoghi ed abbiano in formula acido solforico e alcol laurilico, differiscono per proprietà chimiche. In SLES che è meno aggressivo di SLS, ma che è etossilato (trattato con ossido di etilene) non è infrequente che si trovino residui di ossido di etilene e 1,4-diossano, composti chimici ritenuti cancerogeni.
Quindi, la dizione "eth" si riferisce alla reazione di etossilazione con ossido di etilene dopo la quale, come ho scritto prima, potrebbero rimanere residui di ossido di etilene e 1,4-diossano, composti chimici ritenuti cancerogeni. Il grado di sicurezza dipende quindi dal grado di purezza del composto ottenuto. Non risulta che alcun produttore fornisca questo dato in etichetta, almeno alla data di questa recensione.
A questo punto occorre fare una premessa su tensioattivi sintetici che possono essere suddivisi in quattro gruppi:
A cosa serve e dove si usa
Prodotto chimico intermedio, agente tensioattivo anionico, densificante e schiumogeno, con buona solvibilità, ampia compatibilità, forte resistenza all'acqua dura, alta biodegradazione e relativamente bassa irritazione alla pelle e agli occhi.
Dove viene usato: Cosmetica, nei detergenti liquidi, come shampoo per capelli e bagno, detergenti per piatti, dentifrici, bagnoschiuma e lavaggio delle mani, sapone ecc.. In cromatografia come reagente, ha ottime proprietà come solvente. Nell'industria della stampa e della tintura, del petrolio e del cuoio, tessile,, può essere utilizzato come lubrificante, agente di tintura, pulitore, agente schiumogeno e agente sgrassante.
Cosmetica
Agente di pulizia. Ingrediente che pulisce pelle senza sfruttare le proprietà tensioattive che producono un abbassamento della tensione superficiale dello strato corneo.
Agente schiumogeno. Ha la funzione di introdurre bolle di gas nell'acqua per un fattore meramente estetico, che non incide sul procedimento di pulizia, ma soddisfa unicamente l'aspetto commerciale del detergente aiutando però a spalmare il detergente. Questo aiuta nel successo commerciale di una formulazione di detergenti. Poiché il sebo ha un'azione inibente sulla bolla, nell'eventuale secondo shampoo viene prodotta più schiuma. In pratica crea molte piccole bolle d'aria o di altri gas all'interno di un piccolo volume di liquido, modificando la tensione superficiale del liquido.
Tensioattivo - Agente di pulizia. I prodotti cosmetici utilizzati per detergere la pelle utilizzano l'azione tensioattiva che produce un abbassamento della tensione superficiale dello strato corneo facilitando la rimozione di sporco e impurità.
Tensioattivo - Agente emulsionante. Le emulsioni sono termodinamicamente instabili e sono utilizzate per lenire o ammorbidire la pelle ed emulsionare, quindi hanno necessità di un ingrediente specifico, stabilizzante. Questo ingrediente forma un film, abbassa la tensione superficiale e rende miscibili due liquidi immiscibili. Un fattore molto importante che influisce sulla stabilità dell'emulsione è la quantità dell'agente emulsionante. Gli emulsionanti hanno la proprietà di ridurre la tensione interfacciale olio/acqua o acqua/olio, migliorare la stabilità dell'emulsione e anche di influenzarne direttamente stabilità, proprietà sensoriali e tensione superficiale anche dei filtri solari, modulando le prestazioni filmometriche.
Sicurezza
Viene impiegato in saponi e shampoo delicati. Tuttavia può dare irritazione agli occhi se usato in quantità elevate. Poiché non è obbligatorio indicare la percentuale o la quantità dei prodotti chimici sulle etichette, è comunque difficile sapere quanto Sodium Laureth sulfate vi è nel prodotto. La letteratura scientifica che si è occupata di questo composto chimico da decenni ha concluso per un riconoscimento delle proprietà irritanti di Sodio lauriletere solfato. Poiché nel procedimento chimico di produzione non è infrequente che in questo composto chimico si trovino tracce di ossido di etilene (1) e 1,4-diossano, un etere ciclico sintetico tradizionalmente usato come stabilizzante (2), la IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer ) avverte che l'ossido di etilene è cancerogeno per l'uomo (3) e 1,4-Diossano è potenzialmente cancerogeno per gli esseri umani (4). Il vero problema è che nessun produttore dichiara in etichetta lo SLES come libero da questi due composti. Quindi non possiamo sapere se e quanto ossido di etilene e 1,4-diossano sono presenti nel prodotto che abbiamo acquistato. In più 1,4-diossano non si degrada facilmente è ritenuto quindi un inquinante delle acque che viene rimosso con tecniche particolari (5).
Da quanto sopra emerge un quadro piuttosto negativo per SLES e il mio consiglio è di non acquistare, per prudenza, prodotti che contengono SLES a meno che non sia chiaramente indicata l'assenza di ossido di etilene e 1,4-diossano.
Occorre anche non confondere gli acronimi SLES (Sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate Sodium Laureth Sulfate) con SLS (Sodium lauryl sulfate), sempre tensioattivo ma molto meno aggressivo.
Per questo composto chimico sono stati selezionati gli studi più rilevanti con una sintesi dei loro contenuti:
Caratteristiche tipiche del prodotto commerciale Sodium lauryl ether sulfate Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)
Appearance | Liquid or clear transparent gel slightly yellow or white powder, fine. |
Relative density | 1.05 |
Maximum viscosity | 100 MPa.s |
Active matter content, % | 70±2 |
Unsulfated matter content, % | 3.0 max |
Inorganic sulfate content, % | 2.0 max |
pH value (1% aq.solution) | 7.0-9.5 |
Dioxane, ppm | ≤70 |
Sodium sulfate(%) | ≤1.5 |
PSA | 84.04000 |
LogP | 4.48150 |
Safety |
Sinonimi:
Bibliografia______________________________________________________________________
(1) Vleugels LF, Pollet J, Tuinier R. Polycation-sodium lauryl ether sulfate-type surfactant complexes: influence of ethylene oxide length. J Phys Chem B. 2015 May 21;119(20):6338-47. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02043.
(2) Black RE, Hurley FJ, Havery DC. Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane in cosmetic raw materials and finished cosmetic products. J AOAC Int. 2001 May-Jun;84(3):666-70.
(3) Ethylene oxide. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1994;60:73-159.
(4) 1,4-Dioxane. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1999;71 Pt 2(PT 2):589-602.
Wilbur S, Jones D, Risher JF, Crawford J, Tencza B, Llados F, Diamond GL, Citra M, Osier MR, Lockwood LO. Toxicological Profile for 1,4-Dioxane. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US); 2012 Apr.
(5) Scaratti G, De Noni Júnior A, José HJ, de Fatima Peralta Muniz Moreira R. 1,4-Dioxane removal from water and membrane fouling elimination using CuO-coated ceramic membrane coupled with ozone. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(18):22144-22154. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07497-6.
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"Descrizione" about Dipeptide-45 by Al222 (18869 pt) | 2024-May-08 19:19 |
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Dipeptide-45 è un composto chimico, un peptide sintetico e una molecola composta da asparagina e serina.
I peptidi sintetici possono essere generati come copie di frammenti proteici incorporando amminoacidi non proteinogenici e modificati in modo da aumentare anche la stabilità proteolitica delle molecole. I dipeptidi sono costituiti da due aminoacidi legati da un legame peptidico.
A cosa serve e dove si usa
Il Dipeptide-45 è un peptide sintetico comunemente incluso nei prodotti per la cura della pelle grazie alle sue proprietà idratanti e rigenerative. Aiuta a stimolare la produzione di collagene, migliorando l'elasticità della pelle e riducendo la comparsa di rughe e linee sottili. Inoltre, rafforza la barriera cutanea, rendendo la pelle più resistente ai danni ambientali.
Cosmetica - Funzioni INCI
Medicina
I dipeptidi si sono rivelati utili in applicazioni biomediche (1) e per pelli sensibili (2) ed hanno dimostrato attività antiossidante (3).
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) Santos S, Torcato I, Castanho MA. Biomedical applications of dipeptides and tripeptides. Biopolymers. 2012;98(4):288-93. doi: 10.1002/bip.22067. PMID: 23193593.
Abstract. Peptides regulate many physiological processes, acting at some sites as endocrine or paracrine signals and at others as neurotransmitters or growth factors, for instance. These molecules represent a major evolution in medical and industrial fields, as it is becoming mandatory to design and exploit molecules that do not necessarily fit the description of classical drug classes. The list of peptides with potential biomedical applications is huge and is growing each year. These biomedical applications range from uses as drugs to flavor-active peptides as ingredients in natural health products, nutraceuticals and functional foods. Among the peptide family, dipeptides and tripeptides are very appealing for drug discovery and development because of their cost-effectiveness, possibility of oral administration, and simplicity to perform molecular structural and quantitative structure-activity studies. Our objective is to review different actual and future uses of dipeptides and tripeptides as well as the major advances and obstacles in this growing area.
(2) Resende DISP, Ferreira MS, Sousa-Lobo JM, Sousa E, Almeida IF. Usage of Synthetic Peptides in Cosmetics for Sensitive Skin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Jul 21;14(8):702. doi: 10.3390/ph14080702.
Abstract. Sensitive skin is characterized by symptoms of discomfort when exposed to environmental factors. Peptides are used in cosmetics for sensitive skin and stand out as active ingredients for their ability to interact with skin cells by multiple mechanisms, high potency at low dosage and the ability to penetrate the stratum corneum. This study aimed to analyze the composition of 88 facial cosmetics for sensitive skin from multinational brands regarding usage of peptides, reviewing their synthetic pathways and the scientific evidence that supports their efficacy. Peptides were found in 17% of the products analyzed, namely: acetyl dipeptide-1 cetyl ester, palmitoyl tripeptide-8, acetyl tetrapeptide-15, palmitoyl tripeptide-5, acetyl hexapeptide-49, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 and palmitoyl oligopeptide. Three out of seven peptides have a neurotransmitter-inhibiting mechanism of action, while another three are signal peptides. Only five peptides present evidence supporting their use in sensitive skin, with only one clinical study including volunteers having this condition. Noteworthy, the available data is mostly found in patents and supplier brochures, and not in randomized placebo-controlled studies. Peptides are useful active ingredients in cosmetics for sensitive skin. Knowing their efficacy and synthetic pathways provides meaningful insight for the development of new and more effective ingredients.
(3) Ozawa H, Miyazawa T, Burdeos GC, Miyazawa T. Biological Functions of Antioxidant Dipeptides. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2022;68(3):162-171. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.68.162. PMID: 35768247.
Abstract. In the history of modern nutritional science, understanding antioxidants is one of the major topics. In many cases, food-derived antioxidants have π conjugate or thiol group in their molecular structures because π conjugate stabilizes radical by its delocalization and two thiol groups form a disulfide bond in its antioxidative process. In recent years, antioxidant peptides have received much attention because for their ability to scavenge free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, chelation of transition metal ions, as well as their additional nutritional value. Among them, dipeptides are attracting much interest as post-amino acids, which have residues in common with amino acids, but also have different physiological properties and functions from those of amino acids. Especially, dipeptides containing moieties of several amino acid (tryptophan, tyrosine, histidine, cysteine, and methionine) possess potent antioxidant activity. This review summarizes previous details of structural property, radical scavenging activity, and biological activity of antioxidant dipeptide. Hopefully, this review will help provide a new insight into the study of the biological functions of antioxidant dipeptides.
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