The best studies about butter:

Substitutions between dairy products and risk of stroke: Results from the EPIC-NL cohort.
Laursen ASD, Sluijs I, Boer JMA, Verschuren WMM, van der Schouw YT, Jakobsen MU.
Br J Nutr. 2019 Mar 14:1-21. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519000564.

Dairy foods and health: an umbrella review of observational studies.
Godos J, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Marventano S, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F, Grosso G.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2019 Jun 14:1-14. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1625035.

Dairy Product Intake and Cardiometabolic Diseases in Northern Sweden: A 33-Year Prospective Cohort Study.
Johansson I, Esberg A, Nilsson LM, Jansson JH, Wennberg P, Winkvist A.
Nutrients. 2019 Jan 28;11(2). pii: E284. doi: 10.3390/nu11020284.

Effects of Protein, Fat and Both Protein and Fat on Glycemic Response of a Meal (P18-094-19).
Taai M, Lilly L, Heiss C, Senne-Duff B.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2019 Jun 13;3(Suppl 1). pii: nzz039.P18-094-19. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzz039.P18-094-19. eCollection 2019 Jun

Meals with Similar Fat Content from Different Dairy Products Induce Different Postprandial Triglyceride Responses in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial.
Hansson P, Holven KB, Øyri LKL, Brekke HK, Biong AS, Gjevestad GO, Raza GS, Herzig KH, Thoresen M, Ulven SM.
J Nutr. 2019 Mar 1;149(3):422-431. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy291.

Influence of the frequency of consumption of foodstuffs on the risk of overweight and obesity in a group of post-menopausal women.
Górna I, Kowalówka M, Morawska A, Kosewski G, Bolesławska I, Przysławskia J.
Prz Menopauzalny. 2019 Apr;18(1):39-45. doi: 10.5114/pm.2019.84156. Epub 2019 Apr 9.
 
Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women.
Khaw KT, Sharp SJ, Finikarides L, Afzal I, Lentjes M, Luben R, Forouhi NG.
BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 6;8(3):e020167. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020167.

Effect of different commercial fat sources on brain, liver and blood lipid profiles of rats in growth phase.
Angelis-Pereira MC, Barcelos MFP, Pereira JAR, Pereira RC, Souza RV.
Acta Cir Bras. 2017 Dec;32(12):1013-1025. doi: 10.1590/s0102-865020170120000003

Nutritional metabolomics and breast cancer risk in a prospective study.
Playdon MC, Ziegler RG, Sampson JN, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Thompson HJ, Irwin ML, Mayne ST, Hoover RN, Moore SC.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Aug;106(2):637-649. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.150912. Epub 2017 Jun 28.

And a video about the risks related to butter:

• pasteurization at about 90 °
• crystallization by cooling at about 7 °
• crop inoculation
• centrifugation
• wash
• packaging

Features :

• Water approximately 16%
• Animal fat about 82%
• Protein 0.5% approximately
• Lactose about 0.8%
• Salts about 0.2%

Butter contains vitamin A.

Caution :

100 grams of butter equals 758 kilocalories

100 grams of butter contain 250mg of cholesterol.

In the scientific field it is now established that the consumption of butter can bring serious risks in the cardiovascular system. This study summarizing the general lines was carried out on 23,000 subjects for 8 years (1) and another in-depth study of 33,000 subjects found a positive association between butter and the risk of myocardial infarction (2) and obesity.

Butter is also a potential factor of arterial stiffness that preludes to cardiovascular diseases while the consumption of dairy products has not been harmful for arterial stiffness (3).

These data also apply to salted butter on which the content of sodium chloride weighs, which already creates cardiovascular problems alone.

Basically, therefore, with butter we have to be careful and, if we really like it, taste it from time to time, but don't make it a constant and regular consumption. Of course this rule applies to all foods at risk.

It is also considered a risk element related to prostate cancer (4).

A correlation between butter consumption and Alzheimer's disease has also been established (5).

Butter studies

References_________________________________________________________

(1) Diet and risk of chronic diseases: results from the first 8 years of follow-up in the EPIC-Potsdam study.
von Ruesten A, Feller S, Bergmann MM, Boeing H.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Feb 6. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.7.

(2) Association between dairy food consumption and risk of myocardial infarction in women differs by type of dairy food.
Patterson E, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Åkesson A.
J Nutr. 2013 Jan;143(1):74-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.112.166330. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

(3) Does dairy food intake predict arterial stiffness and blood pressure in men?: Evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study.
Livingstone KM, Lovegrove JA, Cockcroft JR, Elwood PC, Pickering JE, Givens DI.
Hypertension. 2013 Jan;61(1):42-7. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00026. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

(4) Nutrition and prostate cancer.
Vlajinac H, Ilic M, Marinkovic J, Sipetic S.
J BUON. 2010 Oct-Dec;15(4):698-703.

(5) Janssen, C. I., Jansen, D., Mutsaers, M. P., Dederen, P. J., Geenen, B., Mulder, M. T., & Kiliaan, A. J. (2016). The Effect of a High-Fat Diet on Brain Plasticity, Inflammation and Cognition in Female ApoE4-Knockin and ApoE-Knockout Mice. PloS one, 11(5), e0155307. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155307