Medicago Sativa Leaf Extract is inserted in cosmetic products as a skin-conditioning agent. It is obtained from the leaves of the alfalfa plant or alfalfa grass, which belongs to the Fabaceae family.

Industrial Production Process

• Preparation of reagents. The main raw materials include Medicago sativa leaves (alfalfa leaves) and water. Additional solvents may be prepared according to the extraction technique used.
• Harvesting and preparation. Alfalfa leaves are harvested at peak maturity to ensure the maximum concentration of bioactive compounds. The harvested leaves are then washed to remove dirt and impurities.
• Drying and grinding. The washed leaves are dried at a controlled temperature to preserve nutrients and volatile compounds. Once dried, the leaves are ground into a fine powder.
• Extraction. The alfalfa leaf powder is soaked in a suitable solvent, such as water, ethanol, or a mixture of both. The mixture is heated and agitated to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds.
• Filtration and removal of impurities. The extracted mixture is filtered to remove solid residues and impurities, resulting in a solution rich in bioactive compounds.
• Concentration. The filtered solution is concentrated through vacuum evaporation to remove excess water and increase the concentration of the extract.
• Stabilization. The concentrated extract is stabilized to ensure its stability during transportation and storage, preventing degradation.
• Quality control. The alfalfa leaf extract undergoes rigorous quality testing to ensure it meets standards for purity, efficacy, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

Medicago Sativa Leaf Extract is rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. This extract is valued for its ability to enhance skin vitality by promoting cell regeneration and improving skin elasticity. It is an effective ingredient for combating free radicals and protecting the skin from environmental damage, making it ideal for anti-aging formulations. It is commonly used in creams, serums, and moisturizing lotions, where it helps to tone and firm the skin.

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

• Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.

CAS   84082-36-0

EC number   281-984-0

Cosmetic Applications

Antioxidant Properties. This compound is rich in antioxidants that protect the skin from damage by free radicals and pollution, helping to prevent premature aging (1).

Revitalizing Effects. It nourishes and revitalizes the skin, improving brightness and overall tone due to its essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins.

Moisturization. Enhances skin hydration, helping to keep skin supple and reducing the appearance of fine lines (2).

Purification. Helps detoxify the skin by removing impurities and toxins, which improves skin clarity and health.

Versatile Applications. It can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, such as creams, serums, lotions, and masks, for its multiple beneficial properties for the skin.

Other Applications

Dietary Supplements. It is often used in supplements to leverage its nutritional benefits, improving overall health and wellness (3).

Natural Health Products. Used in herbal teas and other herbal products for its tonic and invigorating properties.

Animal Health Products. Also employed in animal supplements to enhance their nutrition and promote better overall health.

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Zagórska-Dziok M, Ziemlewska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Bujak T. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Medicago sativa L. Seeds and Herb Extract on Skin Cells. Biores Open Access. 2020 Oct 23;9(1):229-242. doi: 10.1089/biores.2020.0015.

(2) Rodrigues, F., Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A., das Neves, J., Sarmento, B., Amaral, M. H., & Oliveira, M. B. (2013). Medicago spp. extracts as promising ingredients for skin care products. Industrial crops and products, 49, 634-644.

Abstract. Agro-industrial by-products have the potential to be used with different purposes thus providing economical advantage to otherwise disposable residues. In particular, the field of skin care products and cosmetics may benefit from these remaining materials. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of seven species of Medicago (M. minima, M. tornata, M. truncatula, M. rigidula, M. scutelata, M. segitalis and M. sativa) were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities aiming at their application as functional ingredient in skin formulations. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by standard methods such as DPPH· and FRAP. In both methods the antioxidant activity of M. segitalis displayed the highest antioxidant activity (214.49 ± 6.69 μmol Trolox equivalent per g db for DPPH; 120.84 ± 1.86 μmol/mg db for FRAP). For DPPH M. rigidula showed the lowest antioxidant activity (127.18 ± 1.96 μmol Trolox equivalent per g db) and for FRAP M. minima showed the lowest one (58.05 ± 6.09 μmol per mg db). Also, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively) were evaluated. The TPC of the different extracts varied from 21.96 mg to 36.41 mg GAE/g db sample, being the highest TPC obtained for M. minima and the lowest for the M. scutelata. TFC varied from 5.54 to 11.67 mg CEQ/g db sample. Linear negative correlations were established between the total phenol contents and for both the antioxidant activity methods. The extracts were also screened for cytotoxicity using MTS and LDH assays in two different skin cell lines (HaCaT and HFF-1) and showed low cytotoxicity. Preliminary assays for antimicrobial potential showed that extracts from Medicago display antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 31.3 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL for some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Taken together, the results suggested that Medicago hydro-alcoholic extracts are a potential source of natural compounds with high levels of antioxidant activity, low cytotoxicity for skin cells and the ability to potentially prevent microbial infections of the skin due to its antimicrobial effect, as well as contribute as a natural preservative in cosmetic products. All referred above justify their possible uses in skin care products.

(3) Francis H, Debs E, Koubaa M, Alrayess Z, Maroun RG, Louka N. Sprouts Use as Functional Foods. Optimization of Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Seeds Based on Their Nutritional Content Evolution. Foods. 2022 May 18;11(10):1460. doi: 10.3390/foods11101460.

Abstract. Wheat, alfalfa, and radish sprouts are well-renowned for their high nutritional content. However, their optimal imbibition and germination durations are rarely considered in the literature. In this study, reduced imbibition times of 3 h, 10 h, and 4 h were demonstrated for the wheat, alfalfa, and radish seeds, respectively. The evolution of their crude fat, proteins, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and vitamins were investigated over 7 days of germination. The crude fat and protein loads of these sprouts slightly varied during germination, whereas the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity maxed out at day 7, 5, and 6 for the wheat, alfalfa, and radish sprouts, respectively, with significant levels of catechin. The vitamins highly increased, showing noteworthy yet different peaks of growth depending on the seed and the vitamin analyzed. Interestingly, alfalfa and radish sprouts, taken at their optimal germination day, would decidedly contribute to meet our Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) of vitamins E, A, and B6. Overall, for a greater nutritional content and a potential use of these sprouts as nutraceutical ingredients, our results suggested to leave the wheat, alfalfa, and radish seeds to germinate only over 7, 4, and 6 days, respectively, after which their nutritional quality tended to decrease.

Medicago Sativa Seed Extract is inserted in cosmetic products as a skin-conditioning agent. It is obtained from the seeds of the alfalfa plant or alfalfa grass, which belongs to the Fabaceae family. 

Industrial Production Process

• Preparation of reagents. The main raw materials include Medicago sativa seeds (alfalfa seeds) and water. Additional solvents may be prepared according to the extraction technique used.
• Harvesting and preparation. Alfalfa seeds are harvested at peak maturity to ensure the maximum concentration of bioactive compounds. The harvested seeds are then washed to remove dirt and impurities.
• Drying and grinding. The washed seeds are dried at a controlled temperature to preserve nutrients and volatile compounds. Once dried, the seeds are ground into a fine powder.
• Extraction. The alfalfa seed powder is soaked in a suitable solvent, such as water, ethanol, or a mixture of both. The mixture is heated and agitated to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds.
• Filtration and removal of impurities. The extracted mixture is filtered to remove solid residues and impurities, resulting in a solution rich in bioactive compounds.
• Concentration. The filtered solution is concentrated through vacuum evaporation to remove excess water and increase the concentration of the extract.
• Stabilization. The concentrated extract is stabilized to ensure its stability during transportation and storage, preventing degradation.
• Quality control. The alfalfa seed extract undergoes rigorous quality testing to ensure it meets standards for purity, efficacy, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

Medicago Sativa Sprout Extract is particularly rich in nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that provide numerous skin benefits. This extract helps to enhance skin vitality and elasticity by stimulating cell regeneration and promoting a brighter, more youthful appearance. It is widely used in cosmetic formulations for skincare, including serums, creams, and anti-aging treatments. The toning and firming effect of the extract makes it ideal for products aimed at reducing visible signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles.

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

• Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.

CAS   84082-36-0

EC number   281-984-0

Cosmetic Applications

Antioxidant Properties. This compound is rich in antioxidants that protect the skin from damage by free radicals and pollution, helping to prevent premature aging (1).

Revitalizing Effects. It nourishes and revitalizes the skin, improving brightness and overall tone due to its essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins.

Moisturization. Enhances skin hydration, helping to keep skin supple and reducing the appearance of fine lines (2).

Purification. Helps detoxify the skin by removing impurities and toxins, which improves skin clarity and health.

Versatile Applications. It can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, such as creams, serums, lotions, and masks, for its multiple beneficial properties for the skin.

Other Applications

Dietary Supplements. It is often used in supplements to leverage its nutritional benefits, improving overall health and wellness (3).

Natural Health Products. Used in herbal teas and other herbal products for its tonic and invigorating properties.

Animal Health Products. Also employed in animal supplements to enhance their nutrition and promote better overall health.

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Zagórska-Dziok M, Ziemlewska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Bujak T. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Medicago sativa L. Seeds and Herb Extract on Skin Cells. Biores Open Access. 2020 Oct 23;9(1):229-242. doi: 10.1089/biores.2020.0015.

(2) Rodrigues, F., Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A., das Neves, J., Sarmento, B., Amaral, M. H., & Oliveira, M. B. (2013). Medicago spp. extracts as promising ingredients for skin care products. Industrial crops and products, 49, 634-644.

Abstract. Agro-industrial by-products have the potential to be used with different purposes thus providing economical advantage to otherwise disposable residues. In particular, the field of skin care products and cosmetics may benefit from these remaining materials. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of seven species of Medicago (M. minima, M. tornata, M. truncatula, M. rigidula, M. scutelata, M. segitalis and M. sativa) were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities aiming at their application as functional ingredient in skin formulations. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by standard methods such as DPPH· and FRAP. In both methods the antioxidant activity of M. segitalis displayed the highest antioxidant activity (214.49 ± 6.69 μmol Trolox equivalent per g db for DPPH; 120.84 ± 1.86 μmol/mg db for FRAP). For DPPH M. rigidula showed the lowest antioxidant activity (127.18 ± 1.96 μmol Trolox equivalent per g db) and for FRAP M. minima showed the lowest one (58.05 ± 6.09 μmol per mg db). Also, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively) were evaluated. The TPC of the different extracts varied from 21.96 mg to 36.41 mg GAE/g db sample, being the highest TPC obtained for M. minima and the lowest for the M. scutelata. TFC varied from 5.54 to 11.67 mg CEQ/g db sample. Linear negative correlations were established between the total phenol contents and for both the antioxidant activity methods. The extracts were also screened for cytotoxicity using MTS and LDH assays in two different skin cell lines (HaCaT and HFF-1) and showed low cytotoxicity. Preliminary assays for antimicrobial potential showed that extracts from Medicago display antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 31.3 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL for some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Taken together, the results suggested that Medicago hydro-alcoholic extracts are a potential source of natural compounds with high levels of antioxidant activity, low cytotoxicity for skin cells and the ability to potentially prevent microbial infections of the skin due to its antimicrobial effect, as well as contribute as a natural preservative in cosmetic products. All referred above justify their possible uses in skin care products.

(3) Francis H, Debs E, Koubaa M, Alrayess Z, Maroun RG, Louka N. Sprouts Use as Functional Foods. Optimization of Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Seeds Based on Their Nutritional Content Evolution. Foods. 2022 May 18;11(10):1460. doi: 10.3390/foods11101460.

Abstract. Wheat, alfalfa, and radish sprouts are well-renowned for their high nutritional content. However, their optimal imbibition and germination durations are rarely considered in the literature. In this study, reduced imbibition times of 3 h, 10 h, and 4 h were demonstrated for the wheat, alfalfa, and radish seeds, respectively. The evolution of their crude fat, proteins, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and vitamins were investigated over 7 days of germination. The crude fat and protein loads of these sprouts slightly varied during germination, whereas the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity maxed out at day 7, 5, and 6 for the wheat, alfalfa, and radish sprouts, respectively, with significant levels of catechin. The vitamins highly increased, showing noteworthy yet different peaks of growth depending on the seed and the vitamin analyzed. Interestingly, alfalfa and radish sprouts, taken at their optimal germination day, would decidedly contribute to meet our Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) of vitamins E, A, and B6. Overall, for a greater nutritional content and a potential use of these sprouts as nutraceutical ingredients, our results suggested to leave the wheat, alfalfa, and radish seeds to germinate only over 7, 4, and 6 days, respectively, after which their nutritional quality tended to decrease.

Medicago Sativa Symbiosome Extract is inserted in cosmetic products as a skin-conditioning agent. It is obtained from the young shoots of the alfalfa plant or alfalfa grass, which belongs to the Fabaceae family. 

Industrial Production Process

• Preparation of reagents. The main raw materials include Medicago sativa roots containing symbionts and water. Additional solvents may be prepared according to the extraction technique used.
• Harvesting and preparation. Alfalfa roots are harvested during the active symbiosis phase to ensure the maximum concentration of bioactive compounds. The harvested roots are then washed to remove dirt and impurities.
• Isolation of Symbiosomes. The roots are processed to isolate the symbionts (primarily bacteria of the genus Rhizobium) through techniques such as crushing and centrifugation.
• Extraction. The isolated material is soaked in a suitable solvent, such as water, ethanol, or a mixture of both. The mixture is heated and agitated to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds produced by the symbionts.
• Filtration and removal of impurities. The extracted mixture is filtered to remove solid residues and impurities, resulting in a solution rich in bioactive compounds.
• Concentration. The filtered solution is concentrated through vacuum evaporation to remove excess water and increase the concentration of the extract.
• Stabilization. The concentrated extract is stabilized to ensure its stability during transportation and storage, preventing degradation.
• Quality control. The Medicago sativa symbiosome extract undergoes rigorous quality testing to ensure it meets standards for purity, efficacy, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

Medicago Sativa Symbiosome Extract is rich in bioactive compounds that provide significant skin benefits. This extract is particularly effective at protecting skin cells from oxidative and environmental stress, thanks to its high concentration of natural antioxidants. It also stimulates cell regeneration and strengthens the skin barrier, promoting a more resilient and youthful complexion. It is used in cosmetic formulations such as serums and anti-aging creams, where it offers advanced protection against the signs of aging and improves skin elasticity and tone.

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

• Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.

CAS   84082-36-0

EC number   281-984-0

Cosmetic Applications

Antioxidant Properties. This compound is rich in antioxidants that protect the skin from damage by free radicals and pollution, helping to prevent premature aging (1).

Revitalizing Effects. It nourishes and revitalizes the skin, improving brightness and overall tone due to its essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins.

Moisturization. Enhances skin hydration, helping to keep skin supple and reducing the appearance of fine lines (2).

Purification. Helps detoxify the skin by removing impurities and toxins, which improves skin clarity and health.

Versatile Applications. It can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, such as creams, serums, lotions, and masks, for its multiple beneficial properties for the skin.

Other Applications

Dietary Supplements. It is often used in supplements to leverage its nutritional benefits, improving overall health and wellness (3).

Natural Health Products. Used in herbal teas and other herbal products for its tonic and invigorating properties.

Animal Health Products. Also employed in animal supplements to enhance their nutrition and promote better overall health.

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Zagórska-Dziok M, Ziemlewska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Bujak T. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Medicago sativa L. Seeds and Herb Extract on Skin Cells. Biores Open Access. 2020 Oct 23;9(1):229-242. doi: 10.1089/biores.2020.0015.

(2) Rodrigues, F., Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A., das Neves, J., Sarmento, B., Amaral, M. H., & Oliveira, M. B. (2013). Medicago spp. extracts as promising ingredients for skin care products. Industrial crops and products, 49, 634-644.

Abstract. Agro-industrial by-products have the potential to be used with different purposes thus providing economical advantage to otherwise disposable residues. In particular, the field of skin care products and cosmetics may benefit from these remaining materials. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of seven species of Medicago (M. minima, M. tornata, M. truncatula, M. rigidula, M. scutelata, M. segitalis and M. sativa) were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities aiming at their application as functional ingredient in skin formulations. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by standard methods such as DPPH· and FRAP. In both methods the antioxidant activity of M. segitalis displayed the highest antioxidant activity (214.49 ± 6.69 μmol Trolox equivalent per g db for DPPH; 120.84 ± 1.86 μmol/mg db for FRAP). For DPPH M. rigidula showed the lowest antioxidant activity (127.18 ± 1.96 μmol Trolox equivalent per g db) and for FRAP M. minima showed the lowest one (58.05 ± 6.09 μmol per mg db). Also, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively) were evaluated. The TPC of the different extracts varied from 21.96 mg to 36.41 mg GAE/g db sample, being the highest TPC obtained for M. minima and the lowest for the M. scutelata. TFC varied from 5.54 to 11.67 mg CEQ/g db sample. Linear negative correlations were established between the total phenol contents and for both the antioxidant activity methods. The extracts were also screened for cytotoxicity using MTS and LDH assays in two different skin cell lines (HaCaT and HFF-1) and showed low cytotoxicity. Preliminary assays for antimicrobial potential showed that extracts from Medicago display antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 31.3 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL for some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Taken together, the results suggested that Medicago hydro-alcoholic extracts are a potential source of natural compounds with high levels of antioxidant activity, low cytotoxicity for skin cells and the ability to potentially prevent microbial infections of the skin due to its antimicrobial effect, as well as contribute as a natural preservative in cosmetic products. All referred above justify their possible uses in skin care products.

(3) Francis H, Debs E, Koubaa M, Alrayess Z, Maroun RG, Louka N. Sprouts Use as Functional Foods. Optimization of Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Seeds Based on Their Nutritional Content Evolution. Foods. 2022 May 18;11(10):1460. doi: 10.3390/foods11101460.

Abstract. Wheat, alfalfa, and radish sprouts are well-renowned for their high nutritional content. However, their optimal imbibition and germination durations are rarely considered in the literature. In this study, reduced imbibition times of 3 h, 10 h, and 4 h were demonstrated for the wheat, alfalfa, and radish seeds, respectively. The evolution of their crude fat, proteins, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and vitamins were investigated over 7 days of germination. The crude fat and protein loads of these sprouts slightly varied during germination, whereas the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity maxed out at day 7, 5, and 6 for the wheat, alfalfa, and radish sprouts, respectively, with significant levels of catechin. The vitamins highly increased, showing noteworthy yet different peaks of growth depending on the seed and the vitamin analyzed. Interestingly, alfalfa and radish sprouts, taken at their optimal germination day, would decidedly contribute to meet our Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) of vitamins E, A, and B6. Overall, for a greater nutritional content and a potential use of these sprouts as nutraceutical ingredients, our results suggested to leave the wheat, alfalfa, and radish seeds to germinate only over 7, 4, and 6 days, respectively, after which their nutritional quality tended to decrease.

Medicago Sativa Sprout Extract is a compound of natural origin inserted in cosmetic products as a skin-conditioning agent. It is obtained from the young shoots of the alfalfa plant or alfalfa grass, which belongs to the Fabaceae family. 

Industrial Production Process

• Preparation of reagents. The main raw materials include Medicago sativa sprouts (alfalfa sprouts) and water. Additional solvents may be prepared according to the extraction technique used.
• Harvesting and preparation. Alfalfa sprouts are harvested when they are fresh and young to ensure the maximum concentration of bioactive compounds. The harvested sprouts are then washed to remove dirt and impurities.
• Drying and grinding. The washed sprouts are dried at a controlled temperature to preserve nutrients and volatile compounds. Once dried, the sprouts are ground into a fine powder.
• Extraction. The alfalfa sprout powder is soaked in a suitable solvent, such as water, ethanol, or a mixture of both. The mixture is heated and agitated to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds.
• Filtration and removal of impurities. The extracted mixture is filtered to remove solid residues and impurities, resulting in a solution rich in bioactive compounds.
• Concentration. The filtered solution is concentrated through vacuum evaporation to remove excess water and increase the concentration of the extract.
• Stabilization. The concentrated extract is stabilized to ensure its stability during transportation and storage, preventing degradation.
• Quality control. The alfalfa sprout extract undergoes rigorous quality testing to ensure it meets standards for purity, efficacy, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

Medicago Sativa Sprout Extract is particularly rich in nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that provide numerous skin benefits. This extract helps to enhance skin vitality and elasticity by stimulating cell regeneration and promoting a brighter, more youthful appearance. It is widely used in cosmetic formulations for skincare, including serums, creams, and anti-aging treatments. The toning and firming effect of the extract makes it ideal for products aimed at reducing visible signs of aging, such as fine lines and wrinkles.

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

• Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.

CAS   84082-36-0

EC number   281-984-0

Cosmetic Applications

Antioxidant Properties. This compound is rich in antioxidants that protect the skin from damage by free radicals and pollution, helping to prevent premature aging (1).

Revitalizing Effects. It nourishes and revitalizes the skin, improving brightness and overall tone due to its essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and proteins.

Moisturization. Enhances skin hydration, helping to keep skin supple and reducing the appearance of fine lines (2).

Purification. Helps detoxify the skin by removing impurities and toxins, which improves skin clarity and health.

Versatile Applications. It can be used in a variety of cosmetic products, such as creams, serums, lotions, and masks, for its multiple beneficial properties for the skin.

Other Applications

Dietary Supplements. It is often used in supplements to leverage its nutritional benefits, improving overall health and wellness (3).

Natural Health Products. Used in herbal teas and other herbal products for its tonic and invigorating properties.

Animal Health Products. Also employed in animal supplements to enhance their nutrition and promote better overall health.

References_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Zagórska-Dziok M, Ziemlewska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Bujak T. Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Medicago sativa L. Seeds and Herb Extract on Skin Cells. Biores Open Access. 2020 Oct 23;9(1):229-242. doi: 10.1089/biores.2020.0015.

(2) Rodrigues, F., Palmeira-de-Oliveira, A., das Neves, J., Sarmento, B., Amaral, M. H., & Oliveira, M. B. (2013). Medicago spp. extracts as promising ingredients for skin care products. Industrial crops and products, 49, 634-644.

Abstract. Agro-industrial by-products have the potential to be used with different purposes thus providing economical advantage to otherwise disposable residues. In particular, the field of skin care products and cosmetics may benefit from these remaining materials. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of seven species of Medicago (M. minima, M. tornata, M. truncatula, M. rigidula, M. scutelata, M. segitalis and M. sativa) were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities aiming at their application as functional ingredient in skin formulations. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by standard methods such as DPPH· and FRAP. In both methods the antioxidant activity of M. segitalis displayed the highest antioxidant activity (214.49 ± 6.69 μmol Trolox equivalent per g db for DPPH; 120.84 ± 1.86 μmol/mg db for FRAP). For DPPH M. rigidula showed the lowest antioxidant activity (127.18 ± 1.96 μmol Trolox equivalent per g db) and for FRAP M. minima showed the lowest one (58.05 ± 6.09 μmol per mg db). Also, the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC, respectively) were evaluated. The TPC of the different extracts varied from 21.96 mg to 36.41 mg GAE/g db sample, being the highest TPC obtained for M. minima and the lowest for the M. scutelata. TFC varied from 5.54 to 11.67 mg CEQ/g db sample. Linear negative correlations were established between the total phenol contents and for both the antioxidant activity methods. The extracts were also screened for cytotoxicity using MTS and LDH assays in two different skin cell lines (HaCaT and HFF-1) and showed low cytotoxicity. Preliminary assays for antimicrobial potential showed that extracts from Medicago display antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 31.3 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL for some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Taken together, the results suggested that Medicago hydro-alcoholic extracts are a potential source of natural compounds with high levels of antioxidant activity, low cytotoxicity for skin cells and the ability to potentially prevent microbial infections of the skin due to its antimicrobial effect, as well as contribute as a natural preservative in cosmetic products. All referred above justify their possible uses in skin care products.

(3) Francis H, Debs E, Koubaa M, Alrayess Z, Maroun RG, Louka N. Sprouts Use as Functional Foods. Optimization of Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Seeds Based on Their Nutritional Content Evolution. Foods. 2022 May 18;11(10):1460. doi: 10.3390/foods11101460.

Abstract. Wheat, alfalfa, and radish sprouts are well-renowned for their high nutritional content. However, their optimal imbibition and germination durations are rarely considered in the literature. In this study, reduced imbibition times of 3 h, 10 h, and 4 h were demonstrated for the wheat, alfalfa, and radish seeds, respectively. The evolution of their crude fat, proteins, polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and vitamins were investigated over 7 days of germination. The crude fat and protein loads of these sprouts slightly varied during germination, whereas the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity maxed out at day 7, 5, and 6 for the wheat, alfalfa, and radish sprouts, respectively, with significant levels of catechin. The vitamins highly increased, showing noteworthy yet different peaks of growth depending on the seed and the vitamin analyzed. Interestingly, alfalfa and radish sprouts, taken at their optimal germination day, would decidedly contribute to meet our Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) of vitamins E, A, and B6. Overall, for a greater nutritional content and a potential use of these sprouts as nutraceutical ingredients, our results suggested to leave the wheat, alfalfa, and radish seeds to germinate only over 7, 4, and 6 days, respectively, after which their nutritional quality tended to decrease.

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is a naturally occurring ingredient derived from soybeans composed mainly of amino acids, peptides and proteins and are used in cosmetic formulations for their conditioning and moisturizing properties.

Industrial Production Process

• Preparation of reagents. The main reagents include soybeans and water. The enzymes or acids required for hydrolysis are prepared according to the technique used.
• Extraction of soy proteins. The soybeans are washed, dehulled, and ground. The resulting soybean flour is then mixed with water and treated to extract the proteins.
• Hydrolysis. The extracted soy proteins undergo enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis. If enzymatic hydrolysis is used, specific enzymes are added to break down the proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. If acidic hydrolysis is used, an acid such as hydrochloric acid is added to achieve the same result.
• Neutralization. In the case of acidic hydrolysis, the mixture is neutralized with a base, such as sodium hydroxide, to bring the pH to a safe level.
• Filtration and removal of impurities. The hydrolyzed mixture is filtered to remove impurities and insoluble residues.
• Concentration. The filtered solution is concentrated to remove excess water and increase the concentration of the hydrolyzed proteins.
• Stabilization. The hydrolyzed proteins are stabilized to ensure their stability during transportation and storage, preventing degradation.
• Quality control. The hydrolyzed proteins undergo rigorous quality testing to ensure they meet standards for purity, efficacy, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is extracted from the soybean and then subjected to a hydrolysis process to make it more readily absorbable by the skin and hair. This ingredient is valued for its ability to improve the texture and elasticity of both skin and hair, providing essential nutrients that help to strengthen and protect. It is commonly used in a variety of products including shampoos, conditioners, skin treatments, and anti-aging products. Hydrolyzed soy protein helps to retain moisture, increase softness, and contributes to reducing breakage and thinning of hair.

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

• Antistatic agent. Static electricity build-up has a direct influence on products and causes electrostatic adsorption. The antistatic ingredient reduces static build-up and surface resistivity on the surface of the skin and hair.
• Hair conditioning agent. A significant number of ingredients with specific and targeted purposes may co-exist in hair shampoo formulations: cleansers, conditioners, thickeners, matting agents, sequestering agents, fragrances, preservatives, special additives. However, the indispensable ingredients are the cleansers and conditioners as they are necessary and sufficient for hair cleansing and manageability. The others act as commercial and non-essential auxiliaries such as: appearance, fragrance, colouring, etc. Hair conditioning agents have the task of increasing shine, manageability and volume, and reducing static electricity, especially after treatments such as colouring, ironing, waving, drying and brushing. They are, in practice, dispersants that may contain cationic surfactants, thickeners, emollients, polymers. The typology of hair conditioning agents includes: intensive conditioners, instant conditioners, thickening conditioners, drying conditioners. They can perform their task generally accompanied by other different ingredients.
• Humectant. Hygroscopic compound used to minimise water loss in the skin and to prevent it from drying out by facilitating faster and greater absorption of water into the stratum corneum of the epidermis.  The epidermis is the most superficial of the three layers that make up human skin (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis) and is the layer that maintains hydration in all three layers. In turn, the epidermis is composed of five layers: horny, the most superficial, granular, spinous, shiny, and basal. Humectants have the ability to retain the water they attract from the air in the stratum corneum and have the function of moisturising the skin. They are best used before emollients, which are oil-based.
• Skin conditioning agent. It is the mainstay of topical skin treatment as it has the function of restoring, increasing or improving skin tolerance to external factors, including melanocyte tolerance. The most important function of the conditioning agent is to prevent skin dehydration, but the subject is rather complex and involves emollients and humectants that can be added in the formulation.

CAS    68607-88-5

EC number        271-770-5

Cosmetic Applications

Moisturization. Hydrolyzed Soy Protein helps keep skin and hair hydrated by binding moisture and increasing their water retention capacity.

Repairing Effect. Improves the structure of damaged hair, helping to repair and strengthen hair fibers from physical and chemical stress.

Anti-Aging Benefits for Skin. Stimulates the production of collagen and elastin, contributing to improved skin elasticity and reducing the visibility of fine lines and wrinkles.

Protection. Forms a protective film on skin and hair, shielding them from harmful environmental factors such as pollutants and UV rays.

Versatile Applications. It is used in a wide range of products, including shampoos, conditioners, hair masks, lotions, creams, and serums.

Other Applications

Food Industry. Hydrolyzed Soy Protein is used as a food additive to improve the texture and nutrition of various foods.

Pet Care Products. Employed in pet shampoos and conditioners to enhance the health and shine of pet fur.

Nutritional Supplements. Used in supplements to leverage its protein benefits and support in maintaining muscle mass.

Caprylic/Capric Glycerides is a chemical compound obtained from glycerin and capric and caprylic acids.

The name describes the structure of the molecule:

• Caprylic/Capric indicate that the glycerides are derived from caprylic and capric fatty acids, typically extracted from coconut oil or palm kernel oil.
• Glycerides indicates that these fatty acids are esterified with glycerol, forming a triglyceride that is useful as an emollient and stabilizer in many beauty products.

Chemical Industrial Synthesis Process

• Preparation of reagents. The main reagents include glycerin and caprylic and capric fatty acids.
• Esterification. Glycerin is reacted with caprylic and capric fatty acids in the presence of an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid. The esterification reaction forms monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides of the fatty acids.
• Transesterification reaction. The resulting mixture may be further treated via transesterification to optimize the ratio of monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides.
• Purification. The glyceride mixture is purified to remove impurities and catalyst residues using techniques such as fractional distillation or filtration.
• Stabilization. The purified glycerides are stabilized to ensure stability during transportation and storage, preventing oxidation and degradation.
• Quality control. The purified glycerides undergo rigorous quality testing to ensure they meet standards for purity, efficacy, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

Caprylic/Capric Glycerides are known for their ability to provide a smooth, silky feel to the skin without leaving an oily residue. They are ideal for improving the texture of formulations, making them lighter and more easily absorbed. These ingredients are used in a wide range of products, including skin creams, lotions, lip balms, and foundations, where they act as solvents for insoluble ingredients and enhance the skin barrier. They are also valued for their compatibility with other ingredients and their stability in formulations.

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

• Skin conditioning agent - Emollient. Emollients have the characteristic of enhancing the skin barrier through a source of exogenous lipids that adhere to the skin, improving barrier properties by filling gaps in intercorneocyte clusters to improve hydration while protecting against inflammation. In practice, they have the ability to create a barrier that prevents transepidermal water loss.  Emollients are described as degreasing or refreshing additives that improve the lipid content of the upper layers of the skin by preventing degreasing and drying of the skin. The problem with emollients is that many have a strong lipophilic character and are identified as occlusive ingredients; they are oily and fatty materials that remain on the skin surface and reduce transepidermal water loss. In cosmetics, emollients and moisturisers are often considered synonymous with humectants and occlusives.

CAS    85409-09-2

EC number    287-075-5

Cosmetic Applications

Emollient Properties. Caprylic/Capric Glycerides soften and smooth the skin, making them ideal for creams, lotions, and conditioners.

Solubilizing Ingredients. They act as solubilizers for oils and fragrances, enhancing the stability and uniformity of cosmetic products.

Light and Non-Greasy Effect. They provide hydration without leaving a greasy residue, particularly valued in skincare products and makeup cosmetics.

Skin Compatibility. They are generally well tolerated by the skin and non-comedogenic, making them suitable also for sensitive or acne-prone skin.

Versatile Applications. They can be used in a variety of products, from skincare to makeup, including foundations and moisturizing products.

Other Applications

Food Industry. Used as emulsifiers and consistency agents in various food products, improving texture and stability.

Pharmaceutical. Employed as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations for their ability to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of active ingredients.

Cleaning Products. Used in cleaning product formulations for their emulsifying properties and ability to solubilize fats and oils.

Piroctone Olamine is a chemical compound used as an antifungal and antimycotic agent in cosmetic formulations, especially in hair care products.

The name describes the structure of the molecule:

• Piroctone indicates the presence of piroctone, an organic compound known for its antifungal properties.
• Olamine indicates that the piroctone is stabilized with olamine, an organic base that enhances the solubility and effectiveness of the compound.

Chemical Industrial Synthesis Process

• Preparation of reagents. The main reagents include amine derivatives, alcohols, and aromatic acids necessary for the synthesis of piroctone olamine.
• Synthesis of intermediate. The synthesis begins with the preparation of an intermediate by reacting an amino alcohol with an aromatic acid in a controlled environment. This intermediate is essential for subsequent synthesis steps.
• Condensation reaction. The intermediate is then subjected to a condensation reaction with another specific chemical compound to form the basic structure of piroctone olamine.
• Cyclization. The basic structure undergoes cyclization to form the characteristic pyridinic core of piroctone olamine.
• Purification. After the cyclization reaction, the crude product is purified using techniques such as crystallization, filtration, and chromatography to remove impurities and byproducts of the reaction.
• Stabilization. Piroctone olamine is stabilized to ensure its stability during transportation and storage, maintaining its efficacy in product formulations.
• Quality control. The purified piroctone olamine undergoes rigorous quality testing to ensure it meets the required standards for purity, efficacy, and safety. These tests include chemical analysis, spectroscopy, and microbiological testing.

What it is used for and where

Piroctone Olamine is valued for its effectiveness in treating dandruff and other scalp conditions associated with pathogenic fungi and yeasts. It inhibits the growth of microorganisms that cause irritation and flaking, making it an ideal active ingredient in anti-dandruff shampoos and scalp treatments. In addition to promoting a healthy scalp, Piroctone Olamine helps to reduce itching and improve the appearance of the hair. It is also used in some skin care products, such as creams and lotions, for its antimicrobial properties.

Medical

Piroctone Olamine is used in creams, lotions, and skin solutions to treat dermatological conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis (1), psoriasis, and tinea versicolor.

Cosmetics

t is a restricted cosmetic ingredient as III/61 and V/35  a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. Substance or ingredient reported:

•  Monoalkylamines, monoalkanolamines and their salts. Maximum concentration in ready for use preparation    Maximum secondary amine content: 0.5%. Other - Do not use with nitrosating systems - Minimum purity: 99% - Maximum secondary amine content: 0.5% (applies to raw materials) - Maximum nitrosamine content: 50 microgram/kg - Keep in nitrite-free containers.
• 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2 pyridon and its monoethanolamine salt. Product Type, body parts  a) Rinse-off products b) Other products. Maximum concentration in ready for use preparation  a) 1.0% b) 0.5%

Cosmetics - INCI Functions

Anti-sebum.  Controls and reduces emissions from the sebaceous glands, which are responsible for greasy, enlarged pores in the skin, where it occurs, particularly on the forehead, cheeks, nose and hair. Adjuvant in the treatment of acne.

Preservative. Any product containing organic, inorganic compounds, water, needs to be preserved from microbial contamination. Preservatives act against the development of harmful microorganisms and against oxidation of the product.

Cosmetic Applications.

Anti-dandruff treatment. Piroctone Olamine is a key ingredient in many anti-dandruff shampoos (2) because of its ability to fight the fungi that cause dandruff, reducing itching and flaking.

Antimicrobial properties. It helps reduce the presence of bacteria and fungi on the scalp and skin, preventing infection and improving overall skin health (3).

Soothing effects. Soothes irritated scalp, providing relief from itching and irritation.

Versatility . In addition to shampoos, it is used in conditioners, lotions, and skin treatments for its antimicrobial and soothing properties.

Other Applications

Pharmaceutical Products. It is used in creams, lotions, and topical solutions to treat dermatological conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, and tinea versicolor.

Intimate Hygiene Products. Employed in intimate cleansers for its antibacterial and antifungal properties, ensuring gentle and effective protection.

Molecular Formula  C₁₆H₃₀N₂O₃

Molecular Weight    298.42 g/mol

CAS    68890-66-4

UNII    A4V5C6R9FB

EC Number  272-574-2

Synonyms:

octopirox

Kopirox

Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________

(1) Piquero-Casals J, Hexsel D, Mir-Bonafé JF, Rozas-Muñoz E. Topical Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019 Sep;9(3):469-477. doi: 10.1007/s13555-019-00319-0. 

Abstract. Facial seborrheic dermatitis (FSD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder occurring in areas of the face rich in sebaceous glands. It clinically manifests as erythematous scaly macules or plaques, often associated with pruritus. Although the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis is not yet fully understood, Malassezia yeast, hormones, sebum levels, and immune response are known to play important roles. Additional factors including drugs, cold temperatures, and stress may exacerbate the condition. Currently, the available treatments do not cure the disease but relieve symptoms. Various pharmacological treatments are available, including antifungal agents, keratolytics, topical low-potency steroids, and calcineurin inhibitors. All of them provide several benefits, but they also have potential side effects. Seborrheic dermatitis tends to have a chronic, recurrent course. To avoid the long-term use of drugs, topical non-pharmacological products such as cosmetics or medical devices may improve clinical outcomes. Products with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory ingredients such as zinc, piroctone olamine, dihydroavenanthramide, biosaccharide gum-2, and stearyl glycyrrhetinate may speed FSD recovery and avoid flare-ups. Finally, the use of specific cleansers, moisturizers, and sunscreens formulated as light creams or gel/creams should be strongly recommended to all FSD patients. We provide a brief review of the most used non-pharmacological cleansers, topical gel/creams, and specific sunscreens in the management of FSD.

(2) Lodén M, Wessman C. The antidandruff efficacy of a shampoo containing piroctone olamine and salicylic acid in comparison to that of a zinc pyrithione shampoo. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2000 Aug;22(4):285-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1467-2494.2000.00024.x. PMID: 18503415.

Abstract. Dandruff (pityriasis capitis) is a chronic scalp condition characterized by scaling and sometimes itching and redness. Shampoos containing antifungal agents are used to control the scaling condition. In the present study, two shampoos with different actives are compared in a double-blind, randomised and bilateral study on 19 subjects. One shampoo contained piroctone olamine (0.75%) combined with salicylic acid (2%) and the other contained zinc pyrithione (1%) as active ingredient. The subjects were treated twice weekly with the shampoos for almost 4 weeks. Before each treatment the degree of dandruff was evaluated. Both shampoos were highly effective in reducing the dandruff. The combination of piroctone olamine and salicylic acid appeared to be slightly more effective than zinc pyrithione in reducing the severity and area affected by the scaling.

(3) Zelenkova, H. Final report on the pilot trial to verify the effects of Activated Piroctone Olamine (label 100ml) in the management of psoriasis and seborrhoeic dermatitis in patients aged 15 to 60 years.

Abstract. Actived Piroctone Olamine has a proven antiseptic, antimicrobial, antifungal and keratolytic effect. The effect is selective, only acting on the morbidly altered cells. A randomized, simple controlled trial type - III, with post-registration monitoring and continuous inclusion of male and female patients according to criteria was conducted to verify the efficacy and tolerability of Activated Piroctone Olamine (label 100 ml) applied in the management of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis in patients with significant manifestations of the disease in varying areas of the body (scalp, torso, extremities) of varying extent and to assess differences in individual tolerability and the final effect in a group of selected patients. A total of 42 patients were included. There were 4 males and 10 females with seborrhoeic dermatitis, and 9 males and 19 females with psoriasis affecting various areas. The effects and satisfaction with the therapy in the group of patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis was evaluated as excellent in about 71% and very good in about 29%. From the patient's point of view, excellent satisfaction was reported by 57% and satisfaction by 49% of the patients included. No undesired effects were reported. No patient was excluded from the study, and follow-up examinations were performed within the specified timeframes, with a maximum deviation of 3 days. The effects and satisfaction with the therapy in the group of patients with psoriasis was evaluated as excellent in about 54% and very good in 46%. From the patient's point of view, excellent satisfaction was reported by 64% and satisfaction by 32% of the included patients. Only one patient, and in one case the investigator, rated the treatment as insufficient or unsatisfactory for the designated area. No undesired effects were reported. No patient was excluded from the study.