Citrus medica vulgaris bark extract, also known as citron bark extract, is derived from the bark of the citron fruit (Citrus medica vulgaris), a large, thick-skinned citrus fruit from the Rutaceae family. This extract is valued for its potential therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, which stem from the bioactive compounds found in the bark.

Chemical Composition and Structure: The bark extract of citron contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including:

• Flavonoids: Noted for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Saponins: Contributing to foaming properties and potential antimicrobial effects.
• Essential Oils: Such as limonene and citral, which add aromatic qualities and therapeutic potential.
• Phenolic Acids: Compounds with potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

The chemical structures of these compounds typically include aromatic rings and hydroxyl groups, which are responsible for their biological activities.

Physical Properties:

• Appearance: Typically a dark brown liquid or powder, depending on the extraction method.
• Odor: Characteristic citrus aroma, often less intense than essential oils.
• Density: Variable based on the solvent used and the concentration of the extract.
• Solubility: Soluble in alcohol and oils, but insoluble in water.

Production Process: The extraction of citron bark can be performed using various methods:

• Solvent Extraction: The bark is treated with organic solvents to extract desired compounds. The solvent is then evaporated, leaving behind a concentrated extract.
• Infusion: The bark is steeped in a carrier oil or other medium for an extended period, allowing the active compounds to leach out.
• Supercritical CO₂ Extraction: Utilizes supercritical carbon dioxide to extract compounds without the use of chemical solvents.

Applications:

• Cosmetics: Used in skincare products for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties.
• Dietary Supplements: Included for its purported health benefits, particularly its antioxidant effects.
• Perfumery: Incorporated into fragrances for its distinctive aroma and flavoring properties.
• Pharmaceuticals: Explored for potential therapeutic applications due to its active compounds.

Environmental and Safety Considerations:

• Environmental Impact: The production of citron bark extract involves significant plant material, which can impact the environment if not managed sustainably. Responsible agricultural practices are crucial to minimizing ecological effects.
• Safety: The extract is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used as directed. However, individuals with allergies or very sensitive skin should exercise caution. Performing a patch test before widespread use is advisable to prevent adverse reactions. Additionally, the extract should be used according to product guidelines and kept away from the eyes.

INCI Functions:

• Skin Conditioning Agent: Provides conditioning benefits and enhances skin appearance.
• Antioxidant: Contributes to protecting the skin from damage caused by free radicals.