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Libya

Libya, officially the State of Libya, is located in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The capital and largest city is Tripoli. Historically, Libya has been a crossroads of civilizations. It was part of the Roman and Ottoman Empires and later an Italian colony until it gained independence in 1951. Under Muammar Gaddafi's rule from 1969 to 2011, Libya experienced significant political and social changes. The 2011 Arab Spring led to a civil war and Gaddafi's eventual overthrow, plunging the country into ongoing political instability and conflict. Libya's economy is heavily dependent on oil, which accounts for most of its GDP and export earnings. The country possesses the largest proven oil reserves in Africa. However, political instability has severely affected its economy and infrastructure, leading to significant challenges in governance and development. The population of Libya is predominantly Arab, with a significant Berber minority. Arabic is the official language, and Islam is the predominant religion. Libya's society is tribal in nature, with family and tribal affiliations playing a significant role in social and political life. Culturally, Libya is known for its rich history, with numerous ancient sites, including the Greek and Roman ruins of Cyrene, Leptis Magna, and Sabratha. Libyan cuisine reflects the country's Mediterranean, African, and Arab influences. Geographically, Libya is characterized by its vast desert landscapes, being home to a portion of the Sahara Desert. The country also has a narrow Mediterranean coastline, which features some of the most pristine beaches in the Mediterranean basin. The climate is predominantly Mediterranean along the coast, with hot, dry desert conditions prevailing in the interior. Since the 2011 revolution, Libya has faced ongoing challenges, including political fragmentation, armed conflict, and humanitarian issues. Efforts to establish a stable government and rebuild the nation are ongoing, but the situation remains complex and fluid. Population of Libya from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Approximately 6.7 million inhabitants. 2019: Approximately 6.8 million inhabitants. 2020: Approximately 6.9 million inhabitants. Capital (Tripoli): Population in 2020: About 1.1 million inhabitants. Top 10 cities by number of inhabitants in 2020: (Figures are approximate) Tripoli: ~1.1 million Benghazi: ~650,000 Misrata: ~550,000 Tarhuna: ~210,000 Al Bayda: ~200,000 Zawiya: ~200,000 Ajdabiya: ~134,000 Sirte: ~128,000 Sabha: ~130,000 Tobruk: ~120,000 Number and name of Administrative Divisions: Libya is divided into 22 districts. Some districts include: Tripoli, Benghazi, Misrata, Zawiya. GDP in millions of dollars from 2018 to 2020: 2018: About $50.9 billion. 2019: About $51.1 billion. 2020: About $51.3 billion. Public deficit in millions of dollars from 2018 to 2020: 2018-2020: Not available. % GDP/government debt ratio from 2018 to 2020: 2018-2020: Not available. Unemployment rate % from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Approximately 17.3%. 2019: Approximately 17.9%. 2020: Approximately 18.0%. Inflation Rate from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Around 4.6%. 2019: Approximately 4.5%. 2020: Around 4.4%.