Benin, located in West Africa, is known for its rich and complex history and cultural diversity. It borders Niger, Burkina Faso, Togo, Nigeria, and has a small coastline on the Gulf of Guinea. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the largest city and economic center is Cotonou. Historically, Benin was the center of the Kingdom of Dahomey, a powerful African kingdom known for its warriors, including the famous Dahomey Amazons. During the colonial period, Benin was known as Dahomey and was part of French West Africa. It gained independence from France in 1960. Benin's economy is diverse, with agriculture playing a significant role, particularly in cotton production. Tourism is growing, focusing on the country's rich cultural history and natural sites. Benin's population comprises various ethnic groups, with the Fon group being the most numerous. French is the official language, but many indigenous languages are spoken throughout the country. The predominant religion is Christianity, followed by Islam and traditional African religions, including Vodun, which originated in this region. Culturally, Benin is known for its traditional music, art, and crafts. The International Vodun Festival, celebrated annually, is a significant cultural event that attracts visitors from around the world. Geographically, Benin features a variety of landscapes, from sandy beaches on the coast to savannas and forests in the north. This diversity contributes to the country's rich ecosystems and biodiversity. Population of Benin from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Approximately 11.5 million inhabitants. 2019: Approximately 11.8 million inhabitants. 2020: Approximately 12.1 million inhabitants. Capital (Porto-Novo): Population in 2020: About 264,000 inhabitants. (Note: The official capital is Porto-Novo, but the government is based in Cotonou.) Top 10 cities by number of inhabitants in 2020: (Figures are approximate) Cotonou: 679,000 Abomey-Calavi: 118,000 Djougou: 237,040 Parakou: 255,000 Porto-Novo: 264,000 Bohicon: 125,092 Kandi: 109,701 Lokossa: 86,971 Ouidah: 90,000 Abomey: 82,154 Benin is divided into 12 departments.