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Algeria

Algeria, located in North Africa, is the largest country on the continent and the 10th largest in the world. It is bordered by Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, and Morocco, with a coastline along the Mediterranean Sea. The capital and largest city is Algiers, situated on the Mediterranean coast. Historically, Algeria has been inhabited for thousands of years, with notable influences from the Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Turks, and the French colonial empire. Algeria gained independence from France in 1962 after a prolonged and bloody struggle, which remains a significant part of its national identity. The country's economy is heavily reliant on hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas), which have afforded it relative economic stability. However, this dependence has also made Algeria vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices. Efforts to diversify the economy have been ongoing but limited in success. Algeria's population is predominantly Arab-Berber, and Arabic is the official language, with Berber also recognized. Islam is the state religion and the major faith practiced by its citizens. The country is known for its rich cultural heritage, encompassing music (like Rai), literature, and cuisine, which reflects the diverse influences of its history. Politically, Algeria has experienced periods of significant instability, with a civil war in the 1990s being particularly devastating. In recent years, there have been substantial political changes and social movements, notably the Hirak protest movement that began in 2019, leading to significant political shifts. Geographically, Algeria is characterized by its vast Sahara desert region in the south, while the north is dominated by mountains and a fertile coastal plain. This diverse landscape contributes to a variety of climates and ecosystems within the country, from Mediterranean in the north to arid in the Sahara. Population of Algeria from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Approximately 42.2 million inhabitants. 2019: Approximately 43.1 million inhabitants. 2020: Approximately 43.9 million inhabitants. Capital (Algiers): Population in 2020: About 3.4 million inhabitants. Top 10 cities by number of inhabitants in 2020: (Figures are approximate) Algiers: ~3.4 million Oran: ~1.5 million Constantine: ~1.0 million Annaba: ~342,000 Blida: ~331,000 Batna: ~289,000 Djelfa: ~265,000 Sétif: ~288,461 Sidi Bel Abbès: ~210,000 Biskra: ~204,000 Algeria is divided into 58 provinces. Some provinces include: Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Annaba, Blida, Batna. GDP in millions of dollars from 2018 to 2020: 2018: About $173.8 billion. 2019: About $169.9 billion. 2020: About $145.2 billion. Public deficit in millions of dollars from 2018 to 2020: 2018-2020: Not available. % GDP/government debt ratio from 2018 to 2020: 2018-2020: Not available. Unemployment rate % from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Approximately 11.7%. 2019: Approximately 11.4%. 2020: Approximately 12.8%. Inflation Rate from 2018 to 2020: 2018: Around 4.3%. 2019: Approximately 2.0%. 2020: Around 2.4%.