Heavy cream (≥36% milkfat; cream for whipping)

Description

• High-fat dairy cream obtained by centrifugal separation of milk and standardized to ≥36% milkfat (U.S. “heavy cream/heavy whipping cream”; typical commercial range 36–40%).

• Usually pasteurized (HTST) or ultra-pasteurized (UHT) for longer shelf-life; may be homogenized (smaller globules, better physical stability) or left minimally homogenized to favor whipping performance.

• Flavor: sweet-dairy, creamy, clean; color: white to pale cream.

Caloric value (per 100 g)

• ~340–360 kcal (fat ~36–40 g; protein ~2–3 g; carbohydrate ~2–4 g lactose; water ~55–60%).

• Rule of thumb: ~50 kcal per tablespoon (15 mL) for 36–38% fat products.

Key constituents

• Milk fat (triacylglycerols) rich in short- and medium-chain acids (e.g., butyric, capric) plus palmitic and oleic; minor phospholipids and cholesterol (~100–140 mg/100 g).

• Proteins (caseins, whey proteins) ~2–3%; lactose ~2–4%; minerals (Ca, P) and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).

• Typical analytical targets: fat %, pH ~6.5–6.7, titratable acidity (as lactic), viscosity, fat globule size, total plate count.

Production process

• Separation of raw or standardized milk in a cream separator → standardization to target fat → heat treatment (e.g., HTST ~72 °C/15 s or UHT ≥135 °C/2–4 s) → optional homogenization (often partial for heavy cream) → cooling (≤4 °C) and packaging (gable-top cartons, HDPE, or aseptic cartons).

• In “whipping” lines, limited homogenization and controlled aging at 2–5 °C improve whip yield/foam stability.

• Operate under GMP/HACCP with CCP on pasteurization/UHT, cooling, sanitary design, and pack integrity.

Sensory and technological properties

• Whipping: requires ≥30% fat and cold cream (2–7 °C). Overrun typically 50–100%; stability rises with fat %, partial coalescence, and low temperature. Over-whipping produces butter (phase inversion).

• Heat behavior: high fat improves creaminess and masks astringency but may break under acid + high heat or severe alcohol; starch or reduction in acidity increases stability.

• Emulsification: good carrier for fat-soluble flavors; supports stable sauces/ganache when properly balanced.

Food uses

• Whipped cream/chantilly, ganache, custards, ice-cream bases, sauces (e.g., Alfredo), soups, gratins, coffee/culinary finishing, and butter making.

• Typical addition rates: 5–30% in sauces/soups; 35–45% fat in ice-cream mixes (from cream plus milk/solids).

Nutrition and health

• Energy-dense and high in saturated fat; small lactose load per serving.

• Contains fat-soluble vitamins; sodium naturally low.

• Individuals with milk allergy or lactose intolerance should exercise caution (lactose is lower than in milk but not absent).

• Natural ruminant TFA (vaccenic; CLA) occur in small amounts—distinct from industrial TFA.

Lipid profile

• Approximate fatty-acid pattern of milk fat: SFA (saturated fatty acids) ~60–70%, MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids, largely oleic) ~25–35%, PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) ~2–5%; MCT (medium-chain triglycerides, C6–C12) ~8–12%.

• Health note: dietary guidance generally favors replacing SFA with MUFA/PUFA to improve blood-lipid profiles; heavy cream is SFA-rich, so portion control matters.

Quality and specifications (typical topics)

• Fat: ≥36% (labelled “heavy/heavy whipping cream” in U.S.); pH 6.5–6.7; viscosity at 5 °C within target; micro within limits (pathogens absent).

• Whipping metrics: whipping time, overrun, serum loss (syneresis), foam stability.

• Heat/acid stability where relevant; free fatty acids (lipolysis) low; sensory free of off-flavors (oxidized, rancid, cooked).

Storage and shelf-life

• Keep refrigerated (0–4 °C). HTST products: typically 7–14 days unopened; UHT: 30–60+ days unopened (aseptic), but may whip less well. Once opened, use within 5–7 days.

• Avoid temperature abuse and light exposure; do not freeze for quality (phase separation); whipped dollops can be frozen short-term.

Allergens and safety

• Milk is a major allergen; strict clean-in-place (CIP) and cross-contact controls.

• Use pasteurized cream only; raw cream poses Listeria and other hazards.

• For whipped/dispensed products, maintain cold chain and sanitize equipment to prevent post-pasteurization contamination.

INCI functions in cosmetics

• Related cosmetic entries: Lactis Lipida (Milk Lipids), Milk Fat, Hydrogenated Milk Fat, Lactis (Milk) Protein—roles include emollient, skin conditioning, and occlusive benefits. “Heavy cream” itself is not a standard INCI name.

Troubleshooting

• Won’t whip/low overrun: cream too warm, fat <36%, or excessively homogenized/UHT → chill to 2–5 °C, use higher-fat or non-UHT cream, reduce shear.

• Curdling in sauces: acid + heat or added alcohol → temper cream, lower acidity, add starch, finish off-heat.

• Oily/greasy whipped cream: over-whipped → stop earlier; add a small portion of unwhipped cream to recover (partial).

• Cooked/sulfur note: severe heat treatment → prefer HTST for fresh applications; minimize holding at high T.

• Oxidized/rancid: oxygen/light or lipolysis → improve packaging barrier, shorten shelf-life, verify raw-milk quality and CIP.

Sustainability and supply chain

• Dairy has notable GHG and water footprints; mitigations include manure methane capture, efficient feed and energy use, and optimized cold chain.

• Plants should treat effluents to BOD/COD targets; use recyclable packaging (HDPE, PET, paperboard with suitable barriers).

• Full traceability under GMP/HACCP.

Conclusion
Heavy cream delivers richness, body, and aeration across sweet and savory applications. Managing fat level, temperature, and process conditions (whipping, heat, acidity) ensures products that are stable, safe, and consistently indulgent.

Mini-glossary

• SFA — Saturated fatty acids; high intakes may raise LDL-cholesterol.

• MUFA — Monounsaturated fatty acids (e.g., oleic); generally favorable/neutral for blood lipids.

• PUFA — Polyunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linoleic/alpha-linolenic); beneficial when balanced.

• TFA — Trans fatty acids; natural ruminant TFAs (e.g., vaccenic, CLA) are present in small amounts; industrial TFAs should be avoided.

• MCT — Medium-chain triglycerides (C6–C12); present in milk fat at ~8–12% of fatty acids.

• HTST — High-temperature short-time pasteurization (~72 °C/15 s).

• UHT — Ultra-high temperature processing (≥135 °C for seconds); extends shelf-life but can reduce whipping performance.

• GMP/HACCP — Good Manufacturing Practice / Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points; hygiene and preventive-safety systems with defined CCP.

• CCP — Critical control point; step where a control prevents/reduces a hazard (e.g., pasteurization).

• BOD/COD — Biochemical/Chemical oxygen demand; measures of wastewater impact.

Studies

Regular consumption of cream can cause inflammation and problems in the cardiovascular system and increase the values of LDL cholesterol.

Why's that?

Because the cream content is about 70% saturated fat, 28% unsaturated fat, 2% protein and zero carbohydrates.

This other study clarifies the risks associated with a consumption of cream:

48 healthy, normal-weight people between the ages of 25 and 47 were given 75 grams of glucose (300 calories), 33 grams of cream (300 calories) and orange juice (300 calories) daily. At the end of the study, orange juice had not produced any change in the inflammatory indices, while glucose had increased some indices and cream had increased them all (2).

Limiting intake of full-fat dairy products especially butter, cream and dairy based desserts should be considered for those at high-risk of cardiovascular disease (2).

Cream studies

References______________________________________

(1) Deopurkar R, Ghanim H, Friedman J, Abuaysheh S, Sia CL, Mohanty P, Viswanathan P, Chaudhuri A, Dandona P. Differential effects of cream, glucose, and orange juice on inflammation, endotoxin, and the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3.
Diabetes Care. 2010 May

Abstract. Objective: We have recently shown that a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and suppresser of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in addition to oxidative stress and cellular inflammation. Saturated fat and carbohydrates, components of the HFHC meal, known to induce oxidative stress and inflammation, also induce an increase in LPS, TLR-4, and SOCS3. Research design and methods: Fasting normal subjects were given 300-calorie drinks of either glucose, saturated fat as cream, orange juice, or only water to ingest. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 1, 3, and 5 h for analysis. Results: Indexes of inflammation including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding, and the expression of SOCS3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin (IL)-1beta in MNCs, increased significantly after glucose and cream intake, but TLR-4 expression and plasma LPS concentrations increased only after cream intake. The intake of orange juice or water did not induce any change in any of the indexes measured. Conclusions: Although both glucose and cream induce NF-kappaB binding and an increase in the expression of SOCS3, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta in MNCs, only cream caused an increase in LPS concentration and TLR-4 expression. Equicaloric amounts of orange juice or water did not induce a change in any of these indexes. These changes are relevant to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance.

(2) Nestel PJ, Beilin LJ, Clifton PM, Watts GF, Mori TA. Practical Guidance for Food Consumption to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease. Heart Lung Circ. 2020 Nov 2:S1443-9506(20)30476-5. doi: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.08.022.

Nestel PJ, Beilin LJ, Mori TA. Changing dietary approaches to prevent cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2020 Dec;31(6):313-323. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000709. 

 Abstract. Purpose of review: We have focused on recent research relevant to effects of dietary patterns and major food groups on cardiovascular outcomes, taking into account guidelines and position statements from expert authorities, with an emphasis on important changes in recommendations, some of which remain controversial. Recent findings: Major findings include: refocusing on qualitative patterns of food consumption replacing quantitative prescriptive advice on nutrients; increasing intake of plant foods; substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated oils; reducing salt intake; regular consumption of fish with a focus on omega-3 enrichment; not restricting dairy foods, other than butter and cream, with encouragement of some fermented products; reducing cholesterol intake for those at increased cardiovascular risk and diabetes, allowing 7-eggs weekly; restricting processed meats and allowing moderate lean meat consumption; preference for fiber-rich complex carbohydrates and reduced sugar intake; maintaining healthy bodyweight; and although water is the preferred beverage, allowing moderate alcohol consumption to national guidelines and avoiding alcohol in specific cardiovascular disorders.

 Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, Hu FB, Kris-Etherton PM, Rebholz CM, Sacks FM, Thorndike AN, Van Horn L, Wylie-Rosett J. 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Dec 7;144(23):e472-e487. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001031.

Abstract. Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This scientific statement emphasizes the importance of dietary patterns beyond individual foods or nutrients, underscores the critical role of nutrition early in life, presents elements of heart-healthy dietary patterns, and highlights structural challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns. Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat plenty and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms); (5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt; (9) if you do not drink alcohol, do not start; if you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake; and (10) adhere to this guidance regardless of where food is prepared or consumed. Challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns include targeted marketing of unhealthy foods, neighborhood segregation, food and nutrition insecurity, and structural racism. Creating an environment that facilitates, rather than impedes, adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns among all individuals is a public health imperative.