Hemp hearts  (Hulled Hemp Seed)
Synonyms/labeling: shelled hemp seeds; dehulled hemp kernels; “hemp hearts”
Botanical source: Cannabis sativa L., edible inner kernel of the achene (hull removed), food-type cultivars with very low cannabinoids

Definition
Hemp hearts seeds are the dehulled kernels of industrial hemp. Removal of the fibrous hull concentrates lipids and proteins, yielding a tender, pale cream–green kernel with a nutty, sesame–pine-nut-like flavor. From food-type cultivars, they contain only trace cannabinoids (typically non-detectable in finished foods when properly processed).

Caloric value
~600 kcal per 100 g (typical range 570–630 kcal/100 g, varying with fat and moisture).

Indicative composition (per 100 g)

• Fat: ~48–55 g

  • Fatty-acid profile (of total fat): linoleic acid (LA, ω-6) ~50–60%; α-linolenic acid (ALA, ω-3) ~15–25%; γ-linolenic acid (GLA, ω-6) ~2–4%; oleic ~10–15%; small stearidonic acid (SDA, ω-3) traces.

  • ω-6 : ω-3 ratio ≈ 3 : 1 (favorable among culinary seeds).

• Protein: ~30–33 g (rich in edestin and albumin; highly digestible; lysine is the most limiting essential amino acid).

• Carbohydrates: ~8–12 g

  • Dietary fiber: ~3–6 g (reduced vs whole/hemp-with-hull).

• Moisture: ~3–6%

• Ash (minerals): ~4–6%

• Micronutrients (typical, per 100 g): Mg, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn in meaningful amounts; vitamin E (tocopherols) and phytosterols in the unsaponifiable fraction.

Bioactive and functional components

• Tocopherols (α, γ) and phytosterols support oxidative stability and nutrition.

• GLA and traces of SDA provide uncommon ω-6/ω-3 intermediates in human diets.

• Arginine-rich proteins (high Arg/Lys ratio) support a heart-healthy profile in epidemiological contexts (diet-level effect).

Processing overview
Cleaning → dehulling (impact/abrasion) → air classification and optical sorting to remove hull fines → optional light roasting or steam pasteurization for flavor and microbial control → metal detection → nitrogen-flushed or oxygen-barrier packaging. Co-products: hull fiber (feed/functional fiber). Seeds may alternatively be cold-pressed to make hemp oil; the press cake yields hemp protein flour.

Physicochemical & techno-functional properties

• Appearance: cream to pale green kernels; soft, oily mouthfeel.

• Water/fat binding: moderate water binding; high oil content gives lubricity and creamy texture when milled.

• Emulsification: fine milling produces hemp “butter” or pastes with emulsion-forming capability (protein + phospholipids).

• Oxidative stability: PUFA-rich → requires oxygen/light control; natural tocopherols help but are not sufficient alone.

Applications

• Bakery & snacks: toppings for breads and crackers; inclusion in doughs/batters for nutty flavor and healthy fats (typical inclusion 5–20% of flour weight; adjust hydration and structure).

• Granola/bars & cereals: 10–20% for protein/fat enrichment and crunch.

• Dairy alternatives: base for hemp drinks, yogurts, and spreads when wet-milled and homogenized (use enzymes/emulsifiers to stabilize).

• Smoothies, salads, dips: direct sprinkle or blended for creaminess (hemp “milk”/“butter”).

• Oil pressing: kernels used for cold-pressed hemp oil (nutty flavor); press cake milled into hemp protein.

Formulation guidance (indicative)

• Bread and baked goods: start at 5–10% replacement of flour; increase gradually up to 15–20% with gluten reinforcement (vital gluten) or hydrocolloids (xanthan/psyllium) to offset gluten dilution and added fat.

• Plant beverages: 8–12% kernels (w/w in water) → wet mill → heat treat → homogenize; add 0.1–0.3% emulsifier (e.g., sunflower lecithin) and stabilize with 0.1–0.2% gellan or 0.2–0.4% locust bean gum.

• Spreads/dips: mill kernels with water/oil to 30–60% solids; season; pasteurize; package under low O₂.

Nutrition & digestibility

• Complete protein at the seed level (all essential amino acids present) but lysine is relatively lower vs soy; combine with lysine-richer foods (legumes) for amino-acid complementarity over the day.

• PUFA-rich lipids with a 3:1 ω-6:ω-3 ratio; presence of GLA is distinctive among culinary seeds.

• Lower fiber than whole hemp seed (hull removed); if higher fiber is desired, blend with oat/psyllium/flax.

Safety, legal, and allergen notes

• Cannabinoids (THC/CBD): food-type cultivars and proper cleaning/dehulling yield very low to non-detectable cannabinoids. Jurisdictions set strict maximum residue limits—use compliant, tested lots (also screen for pesticides and mycotoxins).

• Allergenicity: hemp seed allergy is rare but reported; label clearly and avoid cross-contact with major allergens where relevant.

• Gluten: naturally gluten-free; maintain <20 ppm via validated controls if making GF claims.

• Microbiology: low moisture favors stability; use validated pasteurization where required for ready-to-eat formats.

Stability & storage

• Rancidity risk due to high PUFA: store cool (≤20 °C), dry, light-protected, in oxygen-barrier packs (prefer nitrogen flush).

• Shelf life: typically 9–12 months unopened under optimal conditions; refrigerate after opening and use promptly.

Quality specifications (typical themes)

• Moisture ≤ 6%; peroxide value low at pack; FFA controlled.

• Hull fragments: minimal/none; foreign matter absent.

• Nutrient targets: protein ≥30%, fat ≥48% (by weight), micro within finished-product standards.

• Sensory: fresh nutty aroma, no bitterness or “painty” oxidative notes.

Environmental & sourcing
Industrial hemp is generally input-efficient, supports crop rotation, and can provide soil cover; choose suppliers with traceability, residue testing, and, where desired, organic certification.

Conclusion
Hulled hemp seeds are a nutrient-dense ingredient combining high-quality plant protein with a favorable ω-6:ω-3 profile and distinctive GLA content. Their pleasant nutty flavor, creamy texture when milled, and broad application range make them well-suited to better-for-you bakery, snacks, and plant-based dairy. Manage oxidation, hydration, and structure in formulations, and source from tested, compliant supply chains for consistent, safe performance.