| "Descrizione" by Al222 (24903 pt) | 2024-Oct-22 10:00 |
Sophora flavescens, conosciuta nella medicina tradizionale cinese come Ku Shen, è un'erba perenne decidua appartenente alla famiglia delle Fabaceae. Originaria dell'Asia, in particolare di Cina, Corea e Giappone, questa pianta è stata un pilastro nelle pratiche mediche per secoli, rinomata per le sue potenti proprietà farmacologiche. Il nome comune, sophora arbustiva, evidenzia la sua tipica forma di crescita.
Regno: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperme
Classe: Eudicotiledoni
Ordine: Fabales
Famiglia: Fabaceae
Genere: Sophora
Specie: S. flavescens
Sophora flavescens può raggiungere un'altezza di 1,5 metri. Il suo portamento include un fusto legnoso che sostiene foglie pennate composte da 9-15 piccoli fogliolini lanceolati, conferendo alla pianta un aspetto verde lussureggiante. Durante l'estate, produce attraenti fiori gialli disposti in racemi, che in seguito si sviluppano in baccelli leguminosi. Questi baccelli contengono diversi semi, caratteristici della famiglia delle Fabaceae. Il sistema radicale è robusto, legnoso e scuro, contenente gli attributi medicinali più potenti della pianta.
Il profilo chimico di Sophora flavescens è ricco e vario, principalmente riconosciuto per l'alta concentrazione di alcaloidi come matrina e ossimatrina. Questi alcaloidi mostrano forti attività anti-infiammatorie, antivirali e anticancro. Inoltre, le radici contengono flavonoidi e glicosidi triterpenici, che ne potenziano l'efficacia terapeutica. Gli alcaloidi chinolizidinici, presenti nella pianta, contribuiscono alla sua diversità farmacologica, supportando il suo uso nella medicina tradizionale per i loro effetti terapeutici.
Coltivare Sophora flavescens richiede attenzione a diverse pratiche orticole:
Tradizionalmente, le radici di Sophora flavescens sono utilizzate per trattare una varietà di disturbi. Le sue applicazioni nel raffreddare il sangue, promuovere la diuresi e eliminare l'umidità evidenziano la sua importanza nella gestione di febbri, malattie della pelle e disturbi gastrointestinali. Recenti studi hanno focalizzato il suo potenziale come agente anticancro e la sua capacità di modulare il sistema immunitario.
Sebbene Sophora flavescens non sia tipicamente invasiva, è necessaria una gestione attenta in ambienti non nativi per prevenire una diffusione non intenzionale. È generalmente sicura per l'uso in pratica medica tradizionale sotto la guida di un professionista qualificato. Tuttavia, a causa dei suoi potenti composti bioattivi, dovrebbe essere utilizzata con cautela, osservando dosaggi appropriati per evitare potenziali effetti collaterali. Non è raccomandata per donne in gravidanza o in allattamento a causa della mancanza di dati sulla sicurezza.
Bibliografia__________________________________________________________________________
Yang YF, Liu TT, Li GX, Chen XQ, Li RT, Zhang ZJ. Flavonoids from the Roots of Sophora flavescens and Their Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activities. Molecules. 2023 Feb 22;28(5):2048. doi: 10.3390/molecules28052048.
Abstract. The phytochemical investigation of the roots of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sophora flavescens led to the isolation of two novel prenylflavonoids with an unusual cyclohexyl substituent instead of the common aromatic ring B, named 4',4'-dimethoxy-sophvein (17) and sophvein-4'-one (18), and 34 known compounds (1-16, 19-36). The structures of these chemical compounds were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRESIMS data. Furthermore, evaluations of nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells indicated that some compounds exhibited obvious inhibition effects, with IC50 ranged from 4.6 ± 1.1 to 14.4 ± 0.4 μM. Moreover, additional research demonstrated that some compounds inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells, with an IC50 ranging from 0.46 ± 0.1 to 48.6 ± 0.8 μM. These results suggest that flavonoid derivatives from the roots of S. flavescens can be used as a latent source of antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory agents.
Li JC, Zhang ZJ, Liu D, Jiang MY, Li RT, Li HM. Quinolizidine alkaloids from the roots of Sophora flavescens. Nat Prod Res. 2022 Apr;36(7):1781-1788. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1817011.
Abstract. Seventeen quinolizidine alkaloids, including a new matrine-type one, sophcence A (1), were isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens Alt. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by means of 1D and 2D NMR, as well as HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data. The NMR data of (-)-Δ7-dehydrosophoramine (10) and oxy-N-methylcytisine (12) were reported for the first time. In addition, (+)-sophoranol (4) exhibited moderate inhibition on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 value of 22.14 μM, while lupanine (17) was found to inhibit the growth of human glioma stem cells GSC-3# at 20 μg/mL.
Long GQ, Wang DD, Wang J, Jia JM, Wang AH. Chemical constituents of Sophora flavescens Ait. and cytotoxic activities of two new compounds. Nat Prod Res. 2022 Jan;36(1):108-113. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1765340.
Abstract. A chemical investigation of Sophora flavescens Ait. identified 6 compounds. On the basis of spectroscopic data, they were determined to be flavonoids and their analogues, among which were two previously undescribed compounds, sophoflavanone G (1) and sophoflavanone H (2). The inhibitory effects of new compounds against five human tumour cell lines were evaluated in vitro by MTT assays, which revealed potential inhibitory effects with IC50 values < 20 mM, in particular, compound 1 has shown significant cytotoxicity for several tumour cells with IC50 values around 20 mM, which was similar to cisplatin and potential to be used as tumour drugs.
Liu D, Chan BC, Cheng L, Tsang MS, Zhu J, Wong CW, Jiao D, Chan HY, Leung PC, Lam CW, Wong CK. Sophora flavescens protects against mycobacterial Trehalose Dimycolate-induced lung granuloma by inhibiting inflammation and infiltration of macrophages. Sci Rep. 2018 Mar 2;8(1):3903. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22286-w.
Abstract. The immune system responds to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection by forming granulomas to quarantine the bacteria from spreading. Granuloma-mediated inflammation is a cause of lung destruction and disease transmission. Sophora flavescens (SF) has been demonstrated to exhibit bactericidal activities against MTB. However, its immune modulatory activities on MTB-mediated granulomatous inflammation have not been reported. In the present study, we found that flavonoids from Sophora flavescens (FSF) significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory mediators released from mouse lung alveolar macrophages (MH-S) upon stimulation by trehalose dimycolate (TDM), the most abundant lipoglycan on MTB surface. Moreover, FSF reduced adhesion molecule (LFA-1) expression on MH-S cells after TDM stimulation. Furthermore, FSF treatment on TDM-activated lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells significantly downregulated macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP-1/CCL2) expression, which in turn reduced the in vitro migration of MH-S to MLE-12 cells. In addition, FSF increased the clearance of mycobacterium bacteria (Mycobacterium aurum) in macrophages. FSF mainly affected the Mincle-Syk-Erk signaling pathway in TDM-activated MH-S cells. In TDM-induced mouse granulomas model, oral administration with FSF significantly suppressed lung granulomas formation and inflammation. These findings collectively implicated an anti-inflammatory role of FSF on MTB-mediated granulomatous inflammation, thereby providing evidence of FSF as an efficacious adjunct treatment during mycobacterial infection.
Oh J, Kim SA, Kwon KW, Choi SR, Lee CH, Hossain MA, Kim ES, Kim C, Lee BH, Lee S, Kim JH, Cho JY. Sophora flavescens Aiton methanol extract exerts anti-inflammatory effects via reduction of Src kinase phosphorylation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 Apr 6;305:116015. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116015.
Xu Y, Wang X, Sa K, Li H, Chen L. Alkaloids from the roots of Sophora flavescens and their anti-tumor activity. Fitoterapia. 2023 Dec;171:105685. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105685.
Chen MH, Gu YY, Zhang AL, Sze DM, Mo SL, May BH. Biological effects and mechanisms of matrine and other constituents of Sophora flavescens in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res. 2021 Sep;171:105778. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105778.
Cao X, He Q. Anti-Tumor Activities of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Sophora flavescens for Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2020 Feb 27;12:1457-1467. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S243127.
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