DIPA (Diisopropanolamine) is an organic chemical compound belonging to the alkanolamine family. It is a derivative of Isopropanolamine, characterized by the presence of two hydroxyl groups and one amine group. Due to its structure, DIPA is used as a chemical intermediate and a pH regulator in various industrial applications, including cosmetics. It typically appears as a viscous, colorless or slightly yellowish liquid with a faint ammonia-like odor.
Chemical Composition and Structure
The chemical formula of Diisopropanolamine is C6H15NO2. Its molecular structure consists of two isopropyl groups attached to an amine group (-NH) and two hydroxyl groups (-OH). The presence of two hydroxyl groups makes DIPA highly soluble in water and polar solvents, while the amine group gives it basic properties, making it an effective pH regulator and buffering agent in a variety of formulations.
Physical Properties
It appears as a viscous, colorless or slightly yellowish liquid with a boiling point of about 243°C. It is miscible with water, alcohols, and other polar solvents due to the presence of two hydroxyl groups. DIPA has a typically basic pH, ranging from 9 to 11 in aqueous solutions, making it an effective buffering agent. Its density is around 1.02 g/cm³ at 25°C. It is stable at room temperature but can react with strong oxidizers and acids.
Production Process
Diisopropanolamine is produced industrially via a reaction between propylene oxide and ammonia, similar to the production of Isopropanolamine but with a different stoichiometric ratio. Several alkanolamines are formed during this reaction, including DIPA, which is separated through fractional distillation. The process is optimized to ensure the purity required for use in industries with high standards, such as cosmetics.
Applications
- Cosmetics: Diisopropanolamine is widely used as a pH regulator and emulsifier in cosmetic formulations. It is particularly valued in products like shampoos, conditioners, and skin creams, where its ability to stabilize emulsions and maintain stable pH is essential for product quality.
INCI Functions:
Buffering agent. It is an iingredient that can bring an alkaline or acid solution to a certain pH level and prevent it from changing, in practice a pH stabiliser that can effectively resist instability and pH change.
Cosmetic safety
Restricted cosmetic ingredient as II/411 a Relevant Item in the Annexes of the European Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009. Substance or ingredient reported: Secondary alkyl- and alkanolamines and their salts
Environmental and Safety Considerations
Diisopropanolamine is generally regarded as safe for use in cosmetics, but like all chemical substances, it must be used according to established guidelines to avoid skin irritations or allergic reactions, especially in individuals with sensitive skin. Higher concentrations can increase the risk of irritation, so controlled levels in formulations are important. Environmentally, DIPA is biodegradable and does not tend to accumulate in ecosystems, but it is essential to ensure that it is produced and disposed of in a sustainable manner.
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Molecular Formula C6H15NO2
Molecular Weight 133.19 g/mol
CAS 110-97-4
UNII 0W44HYL8T5
EC Number 203-820-9
CHEMBL2106303
CHEBI:143266
DTXSID8020179
Nikkaji J5.102K
Synonyms:
1,1'-Iminodipropan-2-ol
Bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine
