E180 è un composto chimico, un ingrediente inserito nella lista degli additivi alimentari europei come colorante rossastro. Il suo nome chimico è Litholrubine BK o 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid
A cosa serve e dove si usa
Alimentazione
E' un colorante azoico. Il problema legato ai coloranti azoici (monoazo o diazo) è la degradazione fotocatalitica che porta ad un'eventuale ossidazione ed alla successiva formazione di impurità come le ammine aromatiche alcune delle quali svolgono attività cancerogena.
Il gruppo do esperti scientifici dell'EFSA ha espresso un giudizio su questo colorante ritenendo improbabile che vi siano notevoli preoccupazioni per la sicurezza umana derivanti dall'attuale uso unico autorizzato di Litholrubine BK nelle croste di formaggio commestibili.
Cosmetica
Vi sono poche evidenze scientifiche sull'induzione dell'ipersensibilità da parte di Litholrubine BK (1)
CAS 5281-04-9
EC number 226-109-5
Sinonimi
- Carmine 6B
- CI Pigment Red 57
- Rubinpigment
- D&C Red No. 7
- calcium 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenecarboxylate
Bibliografia_____________________________________________________________________
(1) EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS). (2010). Scientific Opinion on the re‐evaluation of Litholrubine BK (E 180) as a food additive. EFSA Journal, 8(5), 1586.
Abstract. The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of Litholrubine BK (E 180). Litholrubine BK has been previously evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), with the latest evaluation in 1987 and by the EU Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1983. JECFA was unable to establish an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), whereas the SCF established an ADI of 0-1.5 mg/kg bw/day. The Panel notes that SCF established the ADI of 0-1.5 mg/kg bw/day based on a reported NOAEL of 150 mg/kg bw/day identified in a long-term rat study. Overall, the Panel considers that the present database is too limited to continue supporting the ADI for Litholrubine BK set previously by the SCF or to establish a new ADI. The Panel was unable to identify a suitable NOAEL, LOAEL or BMD to establish an ADI from a combined repeated-dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity study with Litholrubine BK in rats; males were exposed for 42 days and females exposed for 17 days, in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 422 and GLP conditions. The Panel thus concludes that the existing SCF ADI of 0-1.5 mg/kg bw/day should be withdrawn. However, the Panel notes that the highest anticipated exposure to Litholrubine BK is 1700-fold lower than the identified effect level in female rats (100 mg/kg bw/day). Therefore, the Panel considers that it is unlikely there would be a significant safety concern for humans from the current single authorised use of Litholrubine BK in edible cheese rinds. No conclusion on the induction of hypersensitivity by Litholrubine BK could be drawn from the limited scientific evidence available, although after Litholrubine BK exposure from cosmetics, cheilitis has been documented in one case report.
