Polyurethane-53 is an inorganic chemical compound, a segmented block copolymer derived from urethane and synthesised from isocyanates.
The name describes the structure of the molecule:
- "Polyurethane" is a term that describes a class of polymers widely used in various applications due to their versatility and desirable properties such as durability, flexibility and abrasion resistance and temperature variations.
- "-53" is a reference to the specific type or grade of polyurethane, which can be characterized by such factors as the types of isocyanates and polyols used, their relative amounts, and the presence of any additives. . This is a designation used to differentiate different molecular structures or variants of the polymer. In cosmetic chemistry, these numbers can help formulators identify specific characteristics or behaviors of a given ingredient, particularly when a chemical family has multiple derivatives or forms.
Significant substances used in the production method:
- poly(1,4-butanediol), isophorone diisocyanate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate.
- Description of the raw materials used in production and their functions:
- Poly(1,4-butanediol). A polyol that provides flexible segments to the polyurethane, enhancing its mechanical properties and flexibility.
- Isophorone Diisocyanate. Diisocyanate used to react with polyols to form polyurethane. It imparts strength and stability to the polymer.
- 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate. An acrylic monomer that imparts adhesive properties to the polymer and improved chemical resistance.
Step-by-step industrial synthesis:
- Poly(1,4-butanediol) is mixed in a reactor to prepare the polyol base.
- Isophorone Diisocyanate is subsequently added to the polyol mixture, initiating the formation of the polyurethane.
- 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate is introduced into the mixture, enhancing the adhesive and chemical properties of the polyurethane.
- The mixture is allowed to react until the desired molecular weight and consistency of the polyurethane are achieved.
- The resulting polyurethane is then cured either through a thermal or UV process, stabilizing its structure.
What it is used for and where
Cosmetics
Nail Conditioning agent. It is an agent that creates protection against harmful or chemical substances by strengthening the nail structure against external elements and can repair any chipping, cracking or brittle nails. It helps keep the nail's outer layer and keratin protein in good condition. It can also prevent cracking and peeling of the nail.
It appears as a white powder or colorless liquid.
Safety
Urethane (also called ethyl carbamate) is a by-product of fermentation and is considered a genotoxic agent.
Polyurethanes are rather complex, inert and biostable materials that are also used in biomedical applications. They are typically synthesised by the reaction of a glycol or polyol with polyisocyanate or diisocyanate. It is known that exposure to isocyanates can cause asthma, contact allergies, conjunctival and skin irritation. However, a study by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel in 2017 found that the rates of harmful residues are not significant for human health.
