Polyquaternium-42 is a chemical compound: Poly(oxy[1,2-ethanediylbis(dimethyliminio-1,2-ethanediyl)], dichloride)
The number after Poliquaternium is a chronological reference of the registration date of this ingredient.
It occurs as a colourless to light yellow liquid, soluble in water, insoluble in ester, hydrocarbons and ketone or in the form of a white powder.

What it is used for and where
Cosmetics
Antimicrobial agent. This ingredient is able to suppress or inhibit the growth and replication of a broad spectrum of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses by making the stratum corneum temporarily bactericidal and fungicidal.