Clavulanic acid is an antibiotic isolated in 1974 from a gram-positive bacterium, Streptomyces clavuligerus and is always used in combination with amoxicillin and in its saline form clavulanate potassium for the treatment of infections that affect
- lower respiratory tract
- urinary tract
- some skin infections
- sinusitis
- otitis media
- soft tissues caused by organisms such as H. influenzae, M. catarrhalise S. aureus
and is used in surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis and postoperative infections in urology as a beta-lactamase inhibitor (which can inhibit the activity of most penicillins) by preventing degradation of the β-lactam ring, thereby ensuring that these damaging microorganisms are eradicated. Clavulanic acid reduces the susceptibility of beta-lactamase-positive strains to beta-lactamase-negative strains.
Clavulanic acid, which is found in liquid or solid form, does not possess its own specific antibacterial effects, but must always be accompanied by amoxicillin.
Applications
This study collected and analyzed clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data from children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis admitted to an Italian children's hospital between 2010 and 2019. The results suggest that amoxicillin-clavulanic acid could be an option for oral antibiotic therapy in children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (1).
This study collected and analyzed clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data from children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis admitted to an Italian children's hospital between 2010 and 2019. The results suggest that amoxicillin-clavulanic acid could be an option for oral antibiotic therapy in children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (2).
The amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination is a broad-spectrum antibacterial treatment in pediatric patients against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae intermedia and against beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis that cause acute otitis media (3).
Breastfeeding is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition.Data from this research suggest that amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefuroxime may be safe during breastfeeding. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings (4).
For transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate (TRUBP) lacombination of pivmecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid has been shown to be clinically, bacteriologically, and ecologically attractive prophylaxis compared with ciprofloxacin (5).
This study evaluated the clinical and microbiological outcomes of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid administration in urinary tract infections, and the results confirmed the validity and efficacy of oral administration, although some strains may develop resistance during therapy (6).
Typical optimal characteristics of the commercial product clavulanic acid
| Boiling Point | 545.7°C a 760 mmHg |
| Melting Point | 117.5-118°C |
| Enthalpy of Vaporization | 94.8±5.0 kJ/mol |
| Flash Point | 283.9±30.1°C |
| Index of Refraction | 1.644 |
| Alcohol | -OH 3200-3600cm-1 |
| Carboxylic Acid | C=O 1710-1780cm-1,O-H 2500-3000cm-1 |
| Amine | C-N 1020-1360cm-1, >N- (nessun segnale a 3200-3500) |
| Alkene | C=C 1620-1680cm-1 |
| Keytone | C=O 1680-1750cm-1 |
| Ether | R-O-R 1000-1280cm-1 |
- Molecular Formula: C8H9NO5
- Molecular Weight: 199.162 g·mol−1
- CAS: 58001-44-8
- UNII 23521W1S24
- EC Number: 261-069-2
- DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID2022830
- MDL number
- PubChem Substance ID 5280980
- InChl=1S/C8H9NO5/c10-2-1-4-7(8(12)13)9-5(11)3-6(9)14-4/h1,6-7,10H,2-3H2,(H,12,13)/b4-1-/t6-,7-/m1/s1
- InChI Key HZZVJAQRINQKSD-PBFISZAISA-N
- SMILES C1C2N(C1=O)C(C(=CCO)O2)C(=O)O
- IUPAC (2R,3Z,5R)-3-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
- ChEBI 48947
Synonyms:
- BRL 14151
- Clavulanate
- Clavulanic Acid, Monosodium Salt
- Clavulanic Acid, Monopotassium Salt
- Clavulanate Potassium
