Bibliografia__________________________________________________________________________

Fierascu I, Dinu-Pirvu CE, Fierascu RC, Velescu BS, Anuta V, Ortan A, Jinga V. Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Satureja hortensis L.: A Review of the Last Decade. Molecules. 2018 Sep 25;23(10):2458. doi: 10.3390/molecules23102458.

Abstract. Satureja hortensis L. (summer savory) is an annual herbaceous crop, native to Europe and in our days spread and used all over the world. Although its use as spice and medicinal plant is known since ancient times, peer-reviewed studies presenting the scientific data are scarce. The natural products obtained from summer savory (extracts and essential oil) are dominated by polyphenols and flavonoids, responsible for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, pesticidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective and anticancer properties, among others. The current study presents the progress made in the last decade regarding the potential applications of summer savory, being the first review study focused on S. hortensis, in the same time suggesting future research opportunities, as they appear from the properties of other Satureja species. The available data presenting the properties of summer savory represents a scientific support for application in industry, for developing "clean label" food products.

Ebadollahi A, Naseri B, Aghcheli A, Setzer WN. Insecticidal Efficacy of Satureja hortensis L. and Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad Essential Oils Against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Plants (Basel). 2025 Oct 3;14(19):3062. doi: 10.3390/plants14193062.

Abstract. The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), stands out as one of the most destructive field-to-storage pests of leguminous crops. This study investigates the potential of essential oils derived from two Satureja species, Satureja hortensis L. and Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad, for managing C. maculatus. Bioassay results revealed that both S. hortensis (72 h LC50 = 0.20 µL/g) and S. khuzistanica (72 h LC50 = 0.19 µL/g) essential oils exhibited significant toxicity against C. maculatus adults. The essential oils extended development time, reduced adult longevity, and decreased fecundity of the pest. Key population parameters, including intrinsic growth rate (r) and net reproductive rate (R0), were significantly lowered, particularly by S. hortensis essential oil. Age-specific survival (lx) and fecundity (mx) rates were also declined in treated groups, with delayed reproductive peaks compared to controls. Chemical analyses of S. hortensis and S. khuzistanica essential oils indicated that carvacrol (30.9% and 62.9%, respectively), γ-terpinene (25.5% and 4.3%), p-cymene (9.7% and 7.9%), and thymol (3.7% and 9.3%) were the major components. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was carried out to compare and contrast the compositions with previous works. The results demonstrated that S. hortensis and S. khuzistanica essential oils, given their lethal and sublethal effects against C. maculatus, can be introduced as natural alternatives to hazardous chemical insecticides, highlighting the need for further research in this field.

Zeidán-Chuliá F, Keskin M, Könönen E, Uitto VJ, Söderling E, Moreira JC, Gürsoy UK. Antibacterial and antigelatinolytic effects of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil on epithelial cells exposed to Fusobacterium nucleatum. J Med Food. 2015 Apr;18(4):503-6. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0052. 

Abstract. The present report examined the effects of essential oils (EOs) from Satureja hortensis L. and Salvia fruticosa M. on the viability and outer membrane permeability of the periodontopathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum, a key bacteria in oral biofilms, as well as the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) activities in epithelial cells exposed to such bacteria. Membrane permeability was tested by measuring the N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine uptake and bacterial viability by using the commercially available Live/Dead BacLight kit. In addition, gelatin zymography was performed to analyze the inhibition of F. nucleatum-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in HaCaT cells. We showed that 5, 10, and 25 μL/mL of Sat. hortensis L. EO decreased the ratio of live/dead bacteria and increased the outer membrane permeability in a range of time from 0 to 5 min. Treatments with 10 and 25 μL/mL of Sal. fruticosa M. also increased the membrane permeability and 5, 10, and 25 μL/mL of both EOs inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in keratinocytes induced after exposure of 24 h to F. nucleatum. We conclude that antibacterial and antigelatinolytic activities of Sat. hortensis L. EO have potential for the treatment of periodontal inflammation.

Bimbiraitė-Survilienė K, Stankevičius M, Šuštauskaitė S, Gęgotek A, Maruška A, Skrzydlewska E, Barsteigienė Z, Akuņeca I, Ragažinskienė O, Lukošius A. Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Radical Scavenging and Antitumor Activities of Satureja hortensis L. Herb Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jan 5;10(1):53. doi: 10.3390/antiox10010053. 

Abstract. Satureja hortensis L. is an annual herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae Lindl. family. S. hortensis L., related to thyme and rosemary, is used as spice and traditional medicinal herb in Europe. Mainly due to the polyphenols contained in S. hortensis L., this plant exhibits multiple biological effects. However, therapeutic effects on cells, including skin tumors, have not yet been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the composition and the resulting antioxidant as well as biological properties [on melanocytes and melanoma cells] of summer, savory growing in botanical garden of Vytautas Magnus University in middle Lithuania climatic conditions, collected during various phases of vegetation. It has been shown that the budding phase alcohol extract of this plant contains the largest amounts of polyphenols, including rutin and rosemary acid, which promote the radical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties. In contrast, the extract from the massive flowering phase already at a concentration of 12.5 µg/mL reduces the survival of melanoma cells to 60% with 90% melanocytes survival. In addition, extracts from beginning of flowering and end of flowering at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, containing significantly less rutin and rosmarinic acid, in combination with irradiation of cells with UVB, significantly increased the lipid peroxidation process, particularly in melanoma cells. These data indicate the possibility of using extracts from S. hortensis L. to modulate/differentiate the metabolism of normal and tumor skin cells.